1. X. Grace and Freedom (14:1-15:13)
    1. C. The Strong Ought to Support the Weak (15:1-15:4)

Calvin (6/16/02)

15:1
Strength is given to be used in support of the weak. Those who are strong in knowledge teach those who are not yet strong. In Christ, we know our strength brings a responsibility to the weak. To whom much is given, much is required. Footnote: This is more than simply tolerating the weak. It is a duty of carrying them in their time of weakness and inability. To insist on liberty without a care for those around us is to be absorbed in self-satisfaction. Such self-satisfaction cannot but hinder our ability to perform acts of kindness, for we cannot be kind where we do not care.
15:2
We are duty bound to serve our brother in whatever way may lead to his edification. Wherever such opportunity exists, we cannot neglect it in favor of our own desires. Knowing ourselves right is insufficient cause to offend. Our purpose is to accommodate our brother's concerns out of our regard for God. Because our focus remains on God, we cannot fall into expediency, but will bow so far as works to their edification, and no farther. We need not and dare not strive to please those only pleased by evil.
15:3
It would be most inappropriate for us to refuse to do as our Master does. He was wholly given to serving. We who call Him Lord and Master can do no less. (Ps 69:10 - When my soul wept with my fasting, it became a reproach.) The zeal which the Psalmist knew for God's house, the same zeal Christ knew, led him to lose all sense of self when God's name was slandered. Footnote: The example of Christ should lead all Christians to a willingness to go through any manner of toil, suffering, or reproach as may be needful to aid their fellow Christians. The quotation can be seen in two lights. One could view it as declaring that He felt the insults thrown at God as if they were thrown at Himself, or as declaring that He felt personally responsible for those insults. We, as Christians, must share this zeal. We must consider those insults directed at God as being directed at ourselves. We cannot seek the approval of those who dishonor our God.
15:4
If we have any doubts that Christ is to be our model, we should understand that all of Scripture is recorded to this same end, to provide instruction and direction to us. Footnote: This verse is not intended as an argument for the prior verse, but simply as a declaration that Scripture is designed to instruct. By this statement, we are taught that the reading of Scripture is the key to advancing in holiness, and that no part of what is written therein is superfluous. Those who wish to divorce the Old Testament from Christianity must contend with Paul's statement here, for he clearly taught no such division. Hope is not the sole purpose of Scripture, but it is a purpose to which Scripture is ideally suited, for it has the power to raise the thoughts of those prepared by patience, who have persevered, to considerations of the eternal life that is to come. Footnote: Both perseverance and encouragement come from Scripture, which is the point being made; that Scripture is most beneficial to us. Though the word can be rendered as exhortation, consolation fits the subject better, for only when our trials are mixed with God's consolations will we find the patience to persevere in hope. For us, patience is a matter of willing submission to God, our hope sustained by our having tasted of His goodness which never fails. Because we know His goodness never fails, our hope fails not.
 
 
 

Matthew Henry (6/16/02)

15:1
Each of us has our infirmities, some more than others. The stronger, the more knowledgeable must bear with those who may judge them in their weakness. We mustn't allow their actions to alienate us. Indeed, we must not only bear with them, but also concern ourselves with their infirmities, strengthening them as we are able. We must bear each other's burdens. We must learn to stop ourselves in the pursuit of our appetites, for if we will practice upon ourselves, we won't be as bothered when others block us from our desires. (Mt 16:24 - Anyone who wishes to follow Me must deny himself, take up his cross, and follow.)
15:2
We are called to serve each other - not serve each other's lusts, but our needs and areas of weakness. We should seek to please our brothers so far is it is for his good, and no farther. This does not allow us to ignore his sins, for that is done to his ruin. If we truly serve Christ, we must be concerned with our neighbor's spiritual health. The only profit motive we are to have is the growth of our fellows. The better we stones are shaped and squared, the stronger the building we make.
15:3
Christ's example is the strongest argument for our own self-denial. He showed no concern for His worldly measure. (Jn 5:30 - I do nothing on My own, but judge as I hear with a just judgment that does not seek My will, but the will of Him who sent Me. Jn 11:33 - Jesus wept with Mary, for He was moved in spirit by her sorrow.) He set aside all concern for His reputation to bring us righteousness. (Heb 4:15 - Our High Priest understands our weaknesses, for He was tempted in all manner as we have been, yet did not sin. Ps 69:9 - Zeal for Thy house consumes me, the reproaches upon Thee have come upon Me. Jn 2:17 - His disciples remembered the Scripture, "Zeal for Thy house will consume me.") David and his sufferings were a type of Christ and His sufferings. This is not to suggest that Christ's work here was nothing but a grievance to Him, for He went about His work willingly and gladly. Yet, He clearly valued our benefit over His own comfort. Paul wisely allows the Spirit's phrasing to describe Christ, for how can we improve on His wording? Jesus was grieved by any act in any man which dishonored God. Sinfulness in man led Him to tears, and every persecution of His followers He considered as being done unto Himself. Every sin is a reproach to God. That Christ willingly bore the brunt of the Father's wrath and justice against all our sinful acts is the greatest act of selflessness that can be. (1Pe 3:18 - Christ died once for all sins, the just dieing for the unjust, so as to bring us to God. Our flesh, in Him, has been put to death, but we have been made alive in the spirit.) If Christ bore with our weakness to this great degree, we who claim to be His followers ought to bear with the weakness of our fellows to whatever degree it may be needful.
15:4
Go and do likewise. The record we have of Christ is for us to learn from, an example for us to follow. His example is recorded that we might imitate Him. The Old Testament was also written to instruct us. The lives of the saints of that Testament were recorded that we might learn from them. What is true of the Old is truer still of the New. Scriptures have many fulfillings. They are written to be our rule, to be useful to us for learning. Our efforts should be towards far more than grasping the literal meaning of the scriptures, but we must dig deeper, into the moral significance, that which will do us good. Opening up the well is of little use, if we don't draw from it. Scripture teaches and assures us that our hope for eternal life is well founded and certain. It also teaches us that the way to gain that hope is through patience and such comfort as Scripture provides. The need for these things presupposes the presence of trial and sorrow, yet also leads to a certainty of our hope. (Ro 5:3-5 - We rejoice amidst trials, knowing that they are building perseverance in us, and that as perseverance proves our character, it leads to a hope that will not disappoint because God's love has been poured into us through the Holy Spirit.) Impatience destroys hope. The comfort we obtain from Scripture sustains hope. The Holy Spirit, our great Comforter, as the earnest of our inheritance, is also a strong support for our hope.
 
 

Adam Clarke (6/17/02)

15:1
We are duty bound to bear with the weaker brother by abstaining from our liberties. We mustn't force their submission to our understanding.
15:2
We should be doing all we can to please our brothers in things spiritual, not indulging foolishness, but bearing with ignorance and weakness. After all, others put up with us when we were the weaker party.
15:3
Jesus put up not only with our weakness, but with our insults as well. (Ps 69:9 - Zeal for Your house consumes me. The reproaches that are directed at You fall upon me.) Our punishment as well, He took upon Himself. The psalm quoted here is clearly Messianic in nature. (Jn 19:28-29 - Knowing He had accomplished all things, He said, "I am thirsty," so as to fulfill Scripture fully. At this, they put sour wine on a sponge, and lifted it to His mouth on a hyssop branch. Ps 69:21 - They gave me gall for food, and vinegar for drink. Jn 2:15-17 - He made a scourge of cords, and drove them and their animals from the temple, pouring out their coins and knocking down their tables. He told them to cease from making His Father's house a house of merchandise. The disciples recalled the words of the psalm, "Zeal for They house will consume me.")
15:4
Clearly, the Old Testament Scriptures were written not only for their own time, but for all succeeding generations. In them, we have numerous examples of the righteous man upheld by God in spite of all their circumstances. In those examples, we have strong basis for our own hope of like treatment if we will walk humbly before our God.
 
 
 

Barnes' Notes (6/17/02)

15:1
If we are among those whose conscience is fully instructed and free from doubt, we must be patient with those around us who are not yet so settled. The word means to lift up, to carry away and remove, but here it is more a matter of bearing with them patiently, remaining free of contention in their regard. (Gal 6:2 - Bear each other's burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ. Rev 2:2 - I know your deeds, your toil, your perseverance. I know you cannot endure evil men, and that you verify the claims of self-proclaimed apostles that are not, and that by your testing you know them false.) Our purpose should not be our own gratification, but rather to further the real happiness of others. This is a general rule of Christian conduct. (1Co 9:19 - I am free from all, yet have made myself slave to all so as to win more. 1Co 9:22 - To the weak I become weak so as to win them. I become all things to all men, so that by all ways I might save some. Php 2:4 - Don't look out for yourself alone, but also for the interests of others. 1Co 13:5 - Love is not unseemly, is not seeking its own, is not provoked, keeps no record of wrongs. 1Co 10:24 - Seek not your own good, but that of your neighbor. Mt 16:24 - If any one wishes to come after Me, deny yourself, take up your cross, and follow Me.)
15:2
This applies particularly to our fellow Christians, but in a wider application is our duty to all. (Lk 10:36 - Which of these proved himself the neighbor to the robbers' victim?) Note that our tolerance is to be for his good, not for things by which he would injure himself, not for sinfulness to continue. (Ro 14:19 - Pursue that which makes for peace, that which will build others up.)
15:3
It is always well to look to Christ as our example, if we would know the full extent of our duty. That Christ did not please Himself is not to suggest that He was compelled to serve, that He did not come willingly to His labor here. He came of His own free will, yet to serve the will of God. In that service, Jesus did not consider his own happiness, the honor He had in heaven, but came down to do what must be done. (Ps 40:7-8 - Behold, I come! In the book it is written of me; I delight to do Your will, my God. Your Law is in my heart. Heb 10:4-10 - Animal sacrifice could not possibly remove sins. So, when He comes to the world, He says, "Sacrifice and offering You have not desired, but You have prepared Me a body. You have no pleasure in burnt offerings and sin offerings. I said, 'Behold, I have come (In the roll of the book it is written of Me) To do They will, O God.'" After He points out that sacrifices, which the Law required, are not satisfactory, He says that He has come to do God's will. He has put away the first order and established a second. By this we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. Php 2:6 - He existed in the form of God, yet did not regard equality with God a thing to be clung to. Jn 17:5 - Now glorify Me together with Yourself, Father, with that glory I had with You before the world was.) On earth, Jesus' only goal was to do God's will, to finish His assigned work. (Jn 6:38 - I came down from heaven not to do My will, but the will of Him who sent Me. Jn 5:30 - I cannot do anything on My own. I judge as I hear, and that judgment is just, because it is not My will I pursue, but the will of Him who sent Me.) Whatever trials God's will brought to Him, He did not run from them. (Lk 22:42 - If You are willing, Father, take this from Me; yet not My will, but Yours be done.) Christ never sought His own comfort and honor, but sought out the lonely and needy to provide for them. In the end, He gave Himself up to die for all of us. Christ also showed exceeding patience with His disciples, in spite of their errors. He was not unkind to them when they misunderstood, or misbehaved. In this, we find a strong example for our treatment of the weaker brother. (Ps 69:9 - Zeal for Your house consumes me, and those reproaches slung at You fall on me. Ro 15:21 - Those who had no news of Him will see. Those who never heard will understand. Mt 27:34 - They gave Him wine mixed with gall, which He tasted, but was unwilling to drink. Mt 27:48 - Immediately, one ran up, took a sponge filled with sour wine, and putting it on a reed, gave Him a drink.) All the harsh words of the wicked, who abused God's law, He willingly suffered. He endured a lifetime of contempt from those whose lives showed their contempt for their Maker. One cannot hate the Son without likewise hating the Father. See the kindness of our Redeemer, throwing Himself between us and God to block our sins, and bear their effects upon Himself. Both our reproaches, and the Father's displeasure came upon Him, thus His great agony in the garden and on the cross. Yet, He was willing because of His love for God and for man. Seeing His example, we should also willingly endure. If He willingly suffered abuse, we must also be found willing.
15:4
As Paul uses the psalm to make his point, a general rule comes to mind, which he notes here in passing. All that is written in the Old Testament is well fit to express Christian doctrine. Though written so long before our time, they were written to teach and instruct us. They remain useful now, as illustrations of sound doctrine, and of our duties to God and man. Through our perseverance, bolstered by the consolations we find in Scripture, we have established hope. (Ro 5:4 - Perseverance builds proven character which in turn builds hope in us.) Affliction may turn out to be a great blessing, and the tendency of such affliction in us should be to produce greater hope. When we need support in our afflictions, the place to go is the Bible. Seeing examples from history, our confidence in God who does not change will be increased, so that we can endure as they endured. (2Co 1:2-11 - Grace and peace from the Father and Christ. Bless God, the Father of our Lord Jesus, and the Father of mercies, the God of all comfort. He comforts us in our afflictions so that we can comfort the afflicted in the same way. Just as Christ's sufferings are ours as well, so also is His comfort. If we are afflicted, it is for your comfort, your salvation. If we are comforted, this too is for your comfort, effective in patiently enduring the same sufferings we have suffered. Our hope for you is certain, for I know you share our sufferings and our comfort. You should know of our afflictions in Asia, which threatened to deprive us of life. In fact, we sentenced ourselves to death so that we would cease to trust in ourselves, and trust solely in God who raises the dead. He delivered us from such deadly perils, and will deliver us yet. In Him have we placed our hope, and He will deliver us. You join with us in helping through your prayers, and so, many will give thanks to God for His favor upon us in response to so many prayers.)
 
 
 

Wycliffe (6/17/02)

15:1
Bear with the overly scrupulous. It is required of the mature in faith.
15:2
Seek to do that which is good for your neighbor, that which will strengthen his faith.
15:3
In this, we have Christ Himself for our example, to whom Paul applies David's words. That He suffered reproaches is evidence that He sought not His own pleasure.
15:4
In reading Old Testament Scripture, the Christian will learn endurance and consolation. "Instruction, endurance, and consolation are all essential elements for the Christian who has hope." Scripture can do this, being not a collection of ideas, but about God and His people.
 
 
 

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown (6/17/02)

15:1
The strong in such matters as have been discussed should be less concerned with what they may do, and more concerned with its effect on those around them. (Ro 14:14 - I know that nothing is unclean, yet it will be so to the one who thinks it so. Ro 14:20 - Don't destroy God's work over something as minor as food. Everything is clean, yet to the one who eats so as to offend, that food is evil.)
15:2
No comments.
15:3
(Ps 69:9 - Zeal for Your house has consumed me. Those who reproach You reproach me. Mk 10:42-45 - You know that Gentile rulers lord it over those they rule, exercising their authority at every chance. But you are not to be like this. Rather, if you wish to be considered great, serve. If you wish to be greatest, serve everybody. For the Son did not come to be served, but to serve, to ransom many by His life.)
15:4
Those Scriptures that apply directly to Christ are not for that reason inapplicable to us. His sufferings were uniquely His own, yet they remain a model for us. Those Scriptures that show us His great patience and comfort as He endured us should be our example, for we will need patience and comfort to endure the lesser trials of our own lives. They are the nutrients upon which our hope will grow. (Ro 12:12 - We rejoice in hope, persevere in trials, and remain devoted to prayer. 1Th 1:3-4 - Think constantly on your work of faith, your labor of love, your steadfast hope in Christ in the presence of God. Know with certainty, beloved of God, that He has chosen you.)
 
 
 

New Thoughts (6/18/02-6/20/02)

Last night, in our home group, we were discussing the issue of building up our self-image by belittling those around us. This we are forbidden, because it harms those we are belittling. Here, though, is the other side of the coin. We cannot seek self-approval by discrediting our fellows, but neither can we seek their approval when they are such as dishonor God. Every sin is a reproach to God. By corollary, every reproach to God, every dishonoring of Him, is a sin. What business can God's children have with the approval of those who disapprove of our Father? There is only One whose approval we must seek, Him who made us. His opinion of us alone matters. He has told us how He expects us to live our days, and He has also told us that if we will do these things not only will He approve of our actions, but also our fellow men will approve. A righteous life cannot be denied. It may well bring persecution, but it's righteousness cannot be denied.

In this particular passage, Paul is urging us, in the pursuit of that righteousness of life, to be willing to set aside the possible in deference to those whom our actions might offend. He is not suggesting that we should abandon our attempts at righteous living because it offends somebody. Again, our purpose cannot be to gain the approval of sinful man. However, we can certainly control ourselves when we know that our fellow pursuer of righteousness is perhaps not as far down the road, and might consider some of the things we know to be acceptable to be unacceptable. This is unnatural for us. We want to do what we want to do. We easily lose patience with those who can't understand the places we've reached. Oh, but impatience is the destroyer of hope. If it does not destroy our own, it will doubtless destroy the hope of him with whom our patience is lost.

Matthew Henry offers an exercise for us to pursue, so that we will be the more ready, willing, and able when we must restrain ourselves out of love for a brother. He learned this exercise from Jesus' own teaching. The exercise consists of practicing denial on ourselves. Self-denial is the one activity that can make it easier for us to deny ourselves. If we will work on that ability when nobody is requiring it of us, we will find it much easier when the situation does demand it. We will find that we have developed patience in those places of subduing the flesh. We will find that we can take the blocking of our desires with grace. We will doubtless find that the strength is not in us to accomplish this great feat. The strength is found in God alone. In Him alone are we enabled to comply with His call upon our lives.

Here, too, advance practice times can help to prepare us. If God calls us to suffering, if He calls us to a loss of worldly things, will we be ready? Will we be willing? If we have become accustomed to never denying ourselves our slightest desire, we're going to be in trouble when the time of sacrifice comes. If we have, on the other hand, been practicing self-restraint, self-denial, self-sacrifice, then we'll be found ready at His call, whatever He may call us to. Paul knew this practice intimately. Look at his comment from the passage in 2Corinthians 1. Here, he points out that he sentenced himself to death so as to stop trusting in his own strength. He considered himself as already a dead man so that his trust would be placed in God alone. In this, he was training his mind and body to a belief in the reality of the situation. His mind and body were not going to accomplish anything in their own power. Unless God powers the endeavor, unless God wills the ministry, nothing is going to come of it. The works of the flesh must fail.

Again, our hope requires patience. If our patience fails, our hope fails with it. If we would demand immediate results of our prayers, we're in trouble. First and foremost, to demand such immediate action is to presume upon our right to pray, to forget our relationship to God, to forget His holiness. Secondly, such a demand presumes the right to dictate the terms of the answer, as though we were able to out-think the all-wise God. Patience is a requirement of holy living, not only for this reason, but because the things God calls us to will often require endurance, perseverance. The impatient cannot persist in the course they have charted. The first resistance that comes their way will push them off course.

But where do we find the power to be patient amidst the storm? Paul tells us it is to be found in the encouragement of Scripture - in the paraklesis of Scripture. This speaks so loudly to me! We have been sent a Comforter, a Paraklete, in the Holy Spirit. He is the Holy Spirit of Scripture, imparting to our minds the understanding of what is written, revealing to our soul that which God has declared in His Word. This speaks also to the holiness of Scripture, for it was written as the Paraklete spoke to men, written for the express purpose of teaching those whom God has called, of being a comfort to them in their times of trial. Jesus came as the express Word of God, the living Word, filled with that same Holy Spirit who fills the Scriptures, the written Word of God. These are so intertwined that indeed, His written Word is a living Word, it is Words of life to those whom He has called His own.

Where else, then, shall we turn when we need support? Where else need we look for comfort amidst our sorrows? He has give us the Scripture and the Spirit to comfort us. Ours is to take what He has given us, and put it to work. He has given us a well-spring of comfort, understanding, and life. But a well is of little use if we won't draw from it. We will remain as parched and distraught as ever, if we will not lower the bucket of our mind into the well of His word and draw forth from it the waters of life. We will remain parched even then, except we put that water of life to work. If all we do is stick His teachings into our mind, and then refuse to use them, we're still in sorry shape. We must put His training, His encouragement, His comforting words to action. We must take His instructions in righteous living, and live by them. We must take His words of life, and live by them, or we will remain no more than highly intellectual dead men.

I would like to pursue just a few examples of this strengthening, edifying, instructing work of the Word. Among the many things God teaches us in Scripture, He has addressed the nature of His Church, what it's purpose is to be. In Ephesians 4:12, God tells us that the Church is intended to build up and equip believers. Isn't that interesting. The primary purpose of the Church is not to bring in the lost, so as to convert them, but to prepare the believer to go out among the lost and convert them, so that they can come in. An acquaintance of mine had brought this thought up in conversation recently, and I thought that his view was most incorrect. Certainly, that's where Puritan thought had led the Church, but in this enlightened age, we understood better, right? But Scripture appears to stand in support of this gentleman and the older viewpoint of the Puritans. There is to be a degree of exclusivity in the Church. It is in some fashion a clique, just not a clique that refuses to hear of any additions to its ranks, but rather seeks to see its ranks swell.

Another place where the Church of today seems to have wandered from the true course in many instances is shown to us in 1Corinthians 14:26. There, we are told that each member of the Church has something to offer the Church. The list of offerings noted there makes clear that these are offerings expected during the normal fellowship of the Church, for he writes of songs, words, and teachings. There are many things to notice about this particular passage. First, and perhaps most critical for today, the service of the Church is not a spectator event, it is participatory. We are being equipped, as we saw in the last verse we looked at, and part of the purpose of that equipping is that we can then go on to equip others. We're all called to be active players. Nobody stays on the bench in God's service.

There's a second aspect of this particular verse that I really love. There is not one member of the Church body who does not have something to offer that will contribute to my own growth! Here, the verse is addressing much the same topic as the present passage in Romans. The weakest member of the church body is yet capable of teaching me something. The strongest member of the church is not so far beyond me that I cannot learn a thing from him. We are all there for the same purpose, to grow and to help those with us to grow. This also ties together with our home study on the commandment not to murder. For if we are not to murder, we are to preserve life. And, if the prohibition against murder extends to calling our neighbor a fool, then the commandment to preserve life extends to doing all we can to strengthen that life, especially the life of the soul. This is what equipping is about. This is what the equipping is for.

Strength is given us, whatever our strength may be, to support those who are weak in that area. Not all of us are great singers. Those who are, ought not only to sing out to their utmost in the praise of our God, but ought also to be training up the weak singers to strengthen them. Those of us who have strong habits in study, who are blessed with an ability to dig out the truths of God's word, should not only be giving out freely of what we have found and learned, but should also be teaching others how to dig for themselves. The greatest service lies not in doing for others but in enabling them to do for themselves. This does not preclude doing for them, but there is yet a greater way.

The last verse I want to consider is 1Thessalonians 1:4. Know, be certain, that you are indeed God's beloved, that He has chosen you. What an incredible encouragement this verse is! Paul told us that Scripture was written for our encouragement, to bolster our hope, and what can make our hope more certain than to know that God Himself has chosen! We did not choose Him. If we had, fickle men that we are, we might just as easily choose against Him in a week's time. No, He has chosen, and He is not a man that He should change. His choices are eternal. His choices are backed by His omnipotent power. His choices are made in His omniscient wisdom. What He has chosen, He knows how best to accomplish, and He can and will do it. He, who knows best, has the ability, and wills as He will, has chosen you. He has chosen to know you as His beloved. What a great and certain hope we have in this knowledge. We know it! We know it with certainty! What trial can disturb our peace, when we get it engrained within our heart and mind that this is the truth, that the awesome and almighty God has already decreed that we will be with Him in eternity! Who can take us from His hand? Nobody! Nothing! Truly, He is our peace.

Lord, how I have needed that reminder of late. How I have needed to know that my strength means nothing in the long run, that it's Your strength by which I stand, and by which I will stand. How I have needed the peace of knowing that You are in control, that You are not unaware of our circumstances in this life, but are orchestrating every situation of our every day. How hard it is, Lord, to keep this in mind in the midst of things, but I know You can recall it to my thoughts. Help me, my Lord, to dwell in this truth, to rest in this great comfort and assurance. Everything is in Your hands. Where better could my circumstance be? Indeed, You will work all things for good. All things. You are wonderful, my God. You never cease to astound me with Your goodness, with Your infinite wisdom, with Your gentleness and mercy. May I never, my God, ever, grow over comfortable with You. May I never take for granted all You do on a daily basis to keep me from my own foolishness. May I learn to walk in Your ways, even in the workplace, even on the highway, everywhere and in every moment.