1. X. Grace and Freedom (14:1-15:13)
    1. D. Christ Died For All, All Ought To Unite (15:5-15:13)

Calvin (6/21/02)

15:5-15:6
God is the author of all patience and all encouragement, which He gives to us through His Word. The best exhortations to do our duty will fail, except the power of God empower us to do as we hear. Thus, Paul seals his admonitions with prayer to Him who can empower obedience. He calls for true unity with the purpose of God. Footnote: There is debate as to whether the unity of mind sought here is a matter of feelings or opinions. The context suggests the former, especially as it points us back to Christ's example. (Ro 12:16 - Be of the same mind towards each other, not proud, but joining with the humble. 2Co 13:11 - Rejoice! Be complete, comforted, like-minded. Live in peace, and the God of love and peace will be with you. Php 2:2 - Complete my joy by being of the same mind in pursuing the same love, united in spirit for one purpose. Php 3:16 - Keep living by the same standard we have attained. Php 4:2 - I urge Euodia and Syntyche to live in harmony in the Lord. Ac 1:14 - With one mind, they devoted themselves to prayer. Ac 2:1 - On the day of Pentecost they were all together in one place. Ac 2:46 - Daily, the continued with one mind in the temple, breaking bread in their houses, and eating together with sincere gladness. Ac 4:24 - They petitioned the Lord as one. Ac 5:12 - The apostles were working wonders among the people, and all gathered with one accord in Solomon's portico. Ac 7:57 - They cried out with a loud voice, covering their ears, and they rushed him as one. Ac 8:6 - With one accord, they listened to Philip, hearing and seeing the signs he performed. Ac 12:20 - In one accord, the people of Tyre and Sidon came to seek peace with Herod. Ac 15:25 - Having agreed among us, we have chosen to send some of our men to you with Barnabas and Paul. Ac 18:12 - The Jews rose up as one against Paul. Ac 19:29 - The city was all confusion, and they rushed as one into the theater, dragging Gaius and Aristarchus with them.) God is not glorified where our praises of Him are a not single-minded from a harmonious body. "The unity of His servants is so much esteemed by God, that He will not have His glory sounded forth amidst discords and contentions."
15:7
If Christ has joined us together, ought we not to rejoice in each other? How can we continue in Him, if we insist on separating ourselves from those to whom He has joined us? Christ glorified the Father in bringing us into favor with the Father. We also ought to glorify the Father by making evident our union with Him, by our unity with each other. Footnote: As Christ has welcomed us into communion with Himself, so we also ought to welcome each other into communion with us. (Jn 17:24 - I desire that they whom You gave me be with Me where I am, so as to behold My glory, the glory You have given Me, for You loved Me before the world was.)
15:8
Christ was indeed sent first to the Jews, before bringing the Gentiles, but both were brought from desperate straits to be joined as one flock under our Shepherd. What cause can we have for contention when this be true? Christ has united us as one. Shall we then despise one another, whom He loves? To the Jew first. Christ came in fulfillment of the promises made to the Fathers. By this, we must recognize that even the first covenant was of more than just earthly significance. If Christ is the fulfillment of that covenant, then that covenant must be of eternal consequence as well, else Christ's efficacy is restricted to this life alone.
15:9
Footnote: Christ came fulfilling the covenant with Abraham to accomplish two purposes. First, He thus confirmed the truth of that covenant. Secondly, by confirming that truth, He conveyed to the Gentiles a cause to praise God. God's blessing upon the Gentiles came in the fulfillment of the covenant with Abraham, that in him the nations of the earth would be blessed. This was truth to Abraham, but mercy to the Gentiles. (Mic 7:20 - You give truth to Jacob and unchanging love to Abraham, as You swore to our forefathers in days long ago.) To Jacob, truth, as the word was fulfilled to him. To Abraham, mercy in the promise. The verse Paul quotes is Ps 18:49 - I will give thanks to Thee among the nations, and I will sing praises to Your name. This same passage is quoted in 2Sa 22:50 - Therefore I will give thanks to Thee among the nations, and I will sing praises to Your name. [2Sa 22 is a worthwhile read in itself!] Paul sees in this passage a prophecy of the Gentile calling, for it is declared that they shall praise God. How else could David make God known in the nations, except they hear Him who is praised as well as him who is praising? God's praises cannot be declared, except in faithful assembly, among those with ears to hear.
15:10
Many think this quote comes from the song of Moses, but Calvin points to Ps 47:5 - Sing praises to God Sing praises to our King! [why?] "There is no joy without the knowledge of God." Footnote: The passage clearly follows both the Hebrew and the Septuagint for Dt 32:43 - Rejoice, O nations, with His people. That Moses speaks of God's vengeance thereafter is no argument against the Gentiles being joined to Him. He still avenges Himself upon His enemies, and the Gentiles have been joined to His people for a long time now.
15:11
How could the Gentiles praise God, except they know His greatness? Once more, we see the calling of the Gentiles shown even from this early time. (Ps 117:1-2 - Praise the LORD, all nations, all peoples! Because of His great lovingkindness towards us, His eternal truth. Praise the LORD!)
15:12
This passage from Isaiah 11:10 is perhaps the clearest declaration of the Messianic impact upon the Gentiles. Messiah will rule over the Gentiles. They shall hope in Him, which is none other than to seek Him. Footnote: The quotation given by Paul follows the Septuagint, which departed from the Hebrew in many ways, interpreting, as it were, the prophecy of Isaiah to make clear its purpose among the Gentiles. Paul, trained as he was in Scripture, validates the translation by quoting it. Twice confirmed is the Gentile mission in this passage, first by the fact that Christ is raised up as a sign to them, and then by their hoping in Him, which could not come about except word of Him be preached to them in the power of the Spirit. Note that this impact of the prophecy is confirmed by Simeon's song. Note also that the fact of our hope in Christ provides further evidence of His divinity.
15:13
Once more, Paul ends instruction with a prayer for the empowerment of complying with that instruction. Here we see that God does not bound His commandments upon us by our meager abilities, or the weakness of our wills. No, His commands require His grace, thus stimulating us to remain prayerfully dependent upon Him to comply. As our hope is upon Him, He also is able to fulfill our hope, to increase our joy, and to promote that unity of spirit and purpose which He desires for us. Footnote: God is both the giver and the object of our hope. (1Pe 1:3 - Blessed is the God and Father of Christ, who in His great mercy has rebirthed us to a living hope through the resurrection of Christ from death. 1Ti 6:17 - Instruct the rich not to be proud, hoping in their uncertain wealth, but rather to hope on God who supplies us richly with all things to be enjoyed.) Paul speaks of joy prior to peace. In this, he follows his usual pattern of starting with the more visible aspect, and then proceeding to the more hidden. Our peace is not approved by God, except when it is joined with true faith. We cannot believe, unless we are united in embracing what is taught. Faith is the bond of legitimate unity, and thus the supporter of godly joy. Footnote: If we have peace with God, we know joy, and we know peace with our fellow believers. This unity of peace and joy comes by faith, and promotes our hope. Real peace, real joy, real hope are all distinguished by their foundation in real faith. All other peace, joy, and hope are fictions. All these things are gifts of God to us, energized by the power of the Holy Spirit working in us.
 
 
 

Matthew Henry (6/22/02)

15:5
Paul adds prayer to his teaching, for only God can bring the increase from our words. God is the author and the source of all patience and consolation for us. By the comfort of the Holy Spirit, we are able to bear up with courage when afflicted. God does not rush to mark our mistakes, but patiently comforts us and teaches us, so that we may testify of His love to our brothers. He teaches us His patience so that we may be patient with others, and so preserve unity. The more we experience God's patience and encouragement, the better prepared we are to love each other. Unity of the brethren reflects God's mercy on us. All arguments should be set aside among the body, as we join in unified accord with the pattern of Christ, the law of love. It is not agreement at any cost, but agreement with Truth. (Rev 17:13 - They had one purpose, to give power and authority to the beast. Ge 11:6 - They are one people, with one language, and look what they start to do. Now nothing will be impossible for them.) Here, there was unity, but not truth. Prayer ought to seek truth first, then peace, for God's wisdom is first pure, then peaceable. Unity among Christians is a gift of God which we must seek from Him who opens minds and softens hearts, giving the grace of love. If we pray that His will be done on earth as in heaven, we seek to see it done unanimously. This certainly ought to be our desire.
15:6
Our prayers ought always to have the glory of God as their purpose. It is for this reason that the Lord's prayer opens with the hallowing of His name. His glory should be the reason of our every request of Him. A unified voice of praise cannot come from a people of divided thought. God looks at the heart. If the heart of the people is not one, the words of their mouths cannot be one. Though one mouth may speak, all hearts should be joined in what is spoken. We speak of God as the Father of our Lord, and so He is. Yet, this simply reflects the unity of Father and Son, which unity, the Son prayed would be shared with His brothers. (Jn 17:21 - May they be one, even as We are, You in Me, and I in You. May they also be in Us, that the world may believe that You sent Me.) Our unity glorifies the Father.
15:7
Previously, Paul exhorted the strong to accept the weak. Here, he opens it up, that all should accept one another, for the weak are just as prone to avoidance. If we have received Christ, we cannot but receive our Christian brothers in love, whatever their worldly condition may be. Our conditions for receiving them cannot be more restrictive than His own conditions for receiving us. He took us in as strangers and enemies, and made us part of His own family. In this, He glorified God. When we learn to follow His example, we too will glorify God. When Christ made us family, it was to the end that we might glorify God as well as being glorified with Him in eternity. It was this glory that Jesus looked to in receiving us. (Jn 17:24 - I desire that they whom You give Me might be with Me, so as to behold My glory, given Me by You, for You loved Me before the foundation of the world.) What a great joy He has received us into! What can compare? In accepting each other, our goal should be no lower, it should be to glorify God. The issue Paul has been addressing was a concern over approaches to worship, whether Jewish rites or Gentile liberties were the proper course. Paul says, in effect, to set all that aside, and recognize that Christ has brought both of us into the family. We are one man, now, and ought to worship Him as one. (Eph 2:14-16 - He is our peace. He has taken down the dividing wall, abolishing it in His own flesh. The Law of commandments is done away with, that He might make the two peoples into one new man, establishing peace thereby. Thus, He reconciles both as one body to God through the cross, thereby ending the strife that has been between them.) If we are agreed that Christ is Alpha and Omega, surely we can agree with each other as well.
15:8
The thought of Jews and Gentiles united so fills Paul's thoughts that he must pursue it once more. First, be clear that the Jews, though they may hold to their customs, are no less His children. He became their servant, ministering truth to them. He lived as a man under the Law. His preaching was to the people of the Law, and, having laid hold of them, He had hold of all mankind. (Heb 2:16 - He does not aid the angels, but He aids Abraham's descendants.) His commission was to Israel, though He later expanded operations through the apostles. What He preached was God's truth. (Jn 18:37 - You are correct to say that I am a king, for I was born for that very thing, and I come into the world to declare truth. All who are of the truth hear Me. Jn 14:6 - I am the way, the truth, the life. None comes to the Father but through Me.) What He fulfilled showed God true. Promises are fulfilled by their performance. Though time and providence had appeared to weaken those promises, in Christ, God showed them all to truly be Yea and Amen. The covenant of grace reaches back through the Old Testament, though it lies partly hidden there. Now, it is clearly displayed in the Gospel, which confirms all that the old covenant declared by the shedding of His blood. (Da 9:27 - He will make a covenant for a time, but in the midst of that time, he will stop the sacrifices and offering. Then, on wings of abomination comes the destroyer. Yet, one is decreed who will destroy the destroyer.)
15:9
The Gentiles were part of Christ's purpose on earth. His plans included their inclusion. Whom He welcomes, none may reject. This is His mercy towards us. For this mercy, we glorify God. We, who were nobody, knowing no mercy, were made a people by His mercy. (Hos 1:6 - Name her Lo-ruhama, for I have no more compassion for the house of Israel. They shall not be forgiven. Hos 1:9 - Name him Lo-ammi, for you are not My people. I am not your God. Hos 2:23 - I will sow her for Myself. I will have compassion on her who knew no compassion. I will say to those who were not Mine, 'You are My people!' They will answer, 'You are my God!') There is no greater mercy. We do well to take notice of it. Sinners bring no praise to God, but the grace of conversion changes the soul, that it may speak and do all for His glory. Thus does God bring a harvest from the Gentiles. His mercy shows further in that no direct promises had been made to the Gentiles, but only prophesies. These he points the Jews to that their own Scripture might convince them of God's truth in bringing the Gentiles in. The coming of the Gospel to the Gentiles is here prophesied. (Ps 18:49 - I will give thanks to Thee among the nations, LORD, singing praises to Thy name.) What is this, but to preach and declare His name amongst those who know Him not? (Ps 22:22 - I will speak of You to my brothers. In the midst of the assembly, I will praise You.) David may never have preached to the Gentiles in his earthly life, yet through the psalms, his praises are heard among us to this day. Hearing them as the words of Christ, the Son of David, we all give praise to God, yet not us, but Christ in us.
15:10
Moses, in his song, speaks of the Gentiles rejoicing along with Israel. (Dt 32:43 - Nations, rejoice with His people, for He will avenge the blood of those who serve Him. He will take vengeance on those who oppose Him, and He will atone for His land and His people.) How can we not rejoice at the coming of the Gospel? (Pr 14:10 - The heart knows its bitterness, and will not share its joy with a stranger.) Thus remain some of the Jewish Christians, but God has taken down that division and welcomed the Gentiles as His own, sharing with His people both their sorrows and their joys.
15:11
(Ps 117:1 - Praise the LORD, all nations! Exalt Him, all peoples!) The grace of conversion sets people to praising God from the heart. David, in calling the nations to praise God must presuppose that they know of Him. Thus, from the Spirit, he speaks of a time when they shall have set aside idols for the true God.
15:12
(Isa 11:10 - In that day, it will be that the nations will turn to the root of Jesse, who will be a sign for the peoples, and His resting place will be glorious. Isa 11:1 - A shoot will spring from Jesse, a branch from his roots will bear fruit. Mt 22:45 - If David calls Him 'Lord,' how is He his son? Rev 22:16 - I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you for the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright morning star.) As God, He was David's root, as man, David's offspring. When He rose from death, He rose to reign over both Jew and Gentile. Faith is confidence and dependence in Christ. Faith seeks out the Savior, and having found Him, places all its trust in Him. If we are so united in Christ's love, how not each other's?
15:13
Paul returns to prayer to bless his words. It is good to consider those titles which are God's that best fit our present need in times of prayer, to call upon Him as best suits our present errand. By this, we can best assure our faith. God is both the author and the anchor of our hope, its object and its source. Hope not founded on Him is hopeless. (Ps 119:49 - Remember Your word to me, in which You have made me hope. 1Pe 1:3 - Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His great mercy caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from death.) What Paul asks for is not for himself, but for them. Joy and peace are kingdom concerns, coming from the certainty of our justification before Him. (Ro 14:17 - The kingdom of God is not food and drink, but righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit. Ro 5:1-2 - Having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through Christ. Through Him we are also introduced by faith into this grace by which we stand. Thus, we rejoice in hope of the glory of God.) Knowing this joy and peace in ourselves promotes our unity with our brothers. Spiritual joy fills to satisfying, where carnal joy only puffs up. The soul that knows true joy desires nothing but more of the same. (Ps 4:6-7 - Many ask who will show us any good. Lift up the light of Your countenance upon us, Lord! Ps 36:8 - They drink their fill from the fullness of Your house, and You provide drink to them from Your river of delights. Ps 63:5 - My soul is satisfied to the full, and my mouth joyfully sings your praises. Ps 65:4 - Blessed is the one You choose to bring near so as to live in Your courts. We will be satisfied with the goodness of Your house, Your holy temple.) If we would know this joy, we must seek it of God by believing prayer. It is a useless joy that is not built on faith. (1Pe 1:8 - You love Him even though you have never seen Him. You still haven't seen Him, yet you believe in Him and rejoice with inexpressible joy, being full of His glory.) It is weakness of faith that leaves us short of joy and peace. Note that Paul prays for all joy and peace. We must learn not to limit our prayers, but to open wide our mouths, that He might fill them. Joy and peace also stand upon hope. Hope abounds when we expect great things from God. Our desire should be an abundance of that hope which will not disappoint. The same power of the Holy Spirit which works grace in us also strengthens hope. We are powerless to hope, but He is able, and for this, we glorify Him.
 
 

Adam Clarke (6/23/02)

15:5
God had already provided patience and consolation to them in their trials. Paul prays that unity be added, as they follow after Christ's example.
15:6
Unity between the Jews and Gentiles in the Church, accepting each other, and pursuing God's glory; this is Paul's desire for the Romans. This is God's desire for His Church; a people whose concern for His glory is so strong that our minor differences fade to insignificance. In His compassion He has saved you. Is this not sufficient reason to show compassion? Imagine the disorder of a church service where every difference of view became an interrupting argument! Imagine having to stop to debate each point of order. This is what Paul was fighting against. Our worship should be a joyous and united pouring out of our love to God. Every act of worship should consist in the sweetest harmony of His people. God alone can produce such harmony in our thoughts, thus the presence of such a harmony itself glorifies Him.
15:7
More than acceptance is called for, here. It is a call to think of each other with great affection. As God has received us, and as He willingly participates in our assemblies, so we ought to receive each other, and willingly join together to declare God's glory by our brotherly love, as well as by our words.
15:8
Salvation came first to the Jews, for they, by God's promise, had first right to salvation, though not exclusive right. Christ, by confining His earthly ministry to the Jews, confirmed and fulfilled those promises, and His confirmation commends our bearing with them when they seem overly concerned with the old rites. Salvation is first theirs, but God has ever declared through His prophets that there is no exclusivity, His offer is made to all peoples.
15:9-15:12
Where God's truth was cause for the Jews to glorify Him, His mercy was cause for the Gentiles to do the same. His truth He showed in saving the Jews. Yet, no promise was made to the Gentiles that required His truth to complete. No, it was mercy alone that brought salvation to the Gentiles. No promise was made, yet repeatedly God had shown His people that the Gentiles were included in the covenant terms. (Ps 18:49 - I will give thanks to You among the nations, God, and sing praises to Your name.) By Jewish thought, the Gentiles could not rightfully praise God even after Israel had entered the land, but they gained the right when Israel was sent into captivity. Even then, they knew that the Gentiles could rightfully worship God, and if rightfully, that God would be pleased by their worship. Here, Paul shows Scriptural proof for the Gentiles' hope of salvation. (Dt 32:43 - Rejoice with His people, all nations, for He avenges His servants and takes vengeance on His enemies. He will atone for His land and His people. Ps 117:1-2 - Praise the Lord, all nations. Exalt Him, all people! For His love and mercy are great toward us. His truth is eternal. Praise the LORD! Isa 11:10 - In that day, nation will turn to the root of Jesse. He will be a signal to all peoples, and the place of His resting will be glorious.)
15:13
God has given both Jew and Gentile cause to hope, for His promises He has fulfilled, and will fulfill. Knowing His promises true and certain in Christ Jesus, we can know true peace in our hearts, and true unity amongst ourselves. These things bring with them true spiritual happiness. All that, in turn, increases our view of God's salvation, increases our expectations of the power of the Holy Spirit, increases our belief, and thus our hope. The fact of our promises being fulfilled is sealed upon our hearts.
 
 
 

Barnes' Notes (6/24/02-6/25/02)

15:5
God is patient. He puts up with us with all our faults. That He puts up with us is reason enough for us to put up with each other, and for the spirit to do this Paul prays. His prayer is also that we will be united in thought, for this will end our divisiveness. In this, as well, Paul prays simply that Christ's people would be like Christ. (Eph 4:20 - You did not learn Christ like that. Jn 17:21-23 - May they be one, even as We are, indwelling each other. May they also be in us, that the world will know You sent Me. I give them the glory You gave Me, to unify them as We are united. As I am in them, and You are in Me, they will be united perfectly, showing the world that You sent Me, that You loved them just as You love Me.)
15:6
One mind, one accord, one purpose. (Ac 1:14 - With one mind, they devoted themselves to prayer. Ac 2:1 - They were together in one place on Pentecost. Ac 4:24 - They prayed with one accord.) When mind and purpose are in unity, only then can prayer be offered in unity. Worship should be free of contentious opinions. If it is not, then the church suffers divided worship, and prayers go unheard. (Isa 58:4 - Your fasts are contentious, and even then you seek to strike out wickedly. Your purpose in fasting has nothing to do with making your cry heard in heaven.) Harmonious peace and unity honor God, showing the power of the Gospel to overcome differences. That God is our Father is all the more reason to live as peaceful siblings. As the Father of our Lord, whom we all serve under, the reason is even stronger. Our Lord commanded unity so as to honor His Father and ours.
15:7
Given all these reasons to accept each other, do so. (Ro 14:3 - Those who eat freely should not look down on those who don't, nor should these latter be judging the former. God has accepted them all.) Whom God accepts shall we reject? Christ's work within us was done so as to promote God's glory. (Eph 1:5-6 - He predestined our adoption through Christ to Himself, for His own kind purposes, to bring forth praises of His glorious grace freely given us in the Beloved.) Christ worked to glorify God. We ought do likewise. All we do should be to the promotion of God's glory.
15:8
Truly, Christ's ministry was to the Jews, yet it is equally clear that the Gentiles are included in that ministry. Messiah came to minister to Israel specifically. That office was of peculiar respect to the Jews, and to that office He came as a Jew, and never went to any people but Israel. By this, He established the truth of God's promises, that the promised Messiah had indeed come. (Ac 3:25-26 - You are the sons of the prophets, sons of God's covenant, in which He told Abraham that all the earth would be blessed in his descendants. God raised up His Servant primarily for you, sending Him to you to bless you by leading you to repent of your ways. Lk 24:46-47 - It is written that Messiah must suffer and rise again to life on the third day, so that repentance for forgiveness of sins will be proclaimed to all nations in His name, starting in Jerusalem.)
15:9
Since it is clearly God's design that the Gentiles have been included, the Jews in the church ought have no difficulty with accepting them. This inclusion has been a great favor to the Gentiles, cause for great praises to God. (Ps 18:49 - I will give thanks to You among the nations, LORD, I will sing praises to Your name.) David may have been thanking God for mercies shown to him while he was among the pagans, or he may mean that he would shout God's praises to the world. Paul takes it as indication that the world will join in those praises. That they would sing surely indicates that God has given them cause to sing about.
15:10
(Dt 32:43 - Rejoice, O nations, with His people! He avenges His servants, taking vengeance on His enemies. He will atone for His land and His people.) Again, the Gentiles are called to celebrate, which they cannot do without cause. Once more, Paul infers that they have been brought into the same privilege as Israel has enjoyed before God.
15:11
(Ps 117:1 - Praise the LORD, all nations. Exalt Him, all peoples!) The numerous quotes show that the thought of Gentiles joining in the praise of God is common in the Old Testament.
15:12
(Isa 11:1 - A shoot will spring from Jesse, a branch will bear fruit. Isa 11:10 - In that day, the nations will resort to Jesse's root, He who will stand as a sign to the peoples. His resting place will be glorious.) The root descends from the tree, and may retain life after the tree is gone. (Job 14:7 - A tree has hope, for when it is cut down, it may yet sprout again, and its shoots will not fail.) Jesse's death would not end the family. (Rev 22:16b - I am the root and offspring of David, the bright morning star. Rev 5:5 - Stop weeping. The Lion of Judah, the Root of David has overcome, and He may open the seven seals of the book. 1Sa 17:58 - Saul asked, "Whose son are you?" David answered, "I am the son of Jesse of Bethlehem, your servant.") David's line had fallen considerably in Jesus' day, but from that line He arose to reign over the Gentiles. Again, we see the Old Testament predicting the inclusion of the Gentiles. No prejudice can remain against us, we are entitled to the same privileges.
15:13
God both inspires and produces hope in us. (Ro 14:17 - The kingdom of God is not a matter of food and drink, but of righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit.) Joy and peace cannot but end strife and contention, and these good qualities are built upon belief. Further, they strengthen hope in us. Solely by the power of the Holy Spirit do we know the hope of eternal life. (Eph 1:13-14 - In Him, having heard the truth, the gospel of salvation, and having believed, you were also sealed in Him with the Holy Spirit of promise given as a pledge of the inheritance, showing you God's redemption of His possession. Praises to His glory! Ro 8:24 - In hope we are saved, but hope fulfilled is no longer hope, for we needn't hope for what we already see.)
 
 
 

Wycliffe (6/25/02-6/26/02)

15:5
Paul prays for God to bring endurance and consolation as supports for harmony in His Church. Let Christ be the standard.
15:6
Harmony is sought for a purpose, so that they might praise and glorify God in unity. Unity among believers is essential to glorifying God.
15:7
The call is to receive each other, in spite of any perceived or real weakness, for Christ received us all into fellowship. Preserve that fellowship for God's glory.
15:8
Christ came both to prove the truth of God's promises to Israel, and to enable the Gentiles to praise God for His mercy. (Ro 11:11-14 - The Jews have not fallen from grace forever, but their sins have given cause for God to bring salvation to the Gentiles, so that the Gentiles, being saved, will make the Jews jealous for God once more. If their sins have proven to be of such great benefit to the world, imagine what their fulfillment will be like! Yes, I speak to you Gentiles. Though I am an apostle to Gentiles, I still magnify my ministry if I move my fellow Jews to jealousy and thus save some of them. Eph 3:6 - Gentiles are joint heirs, fellow members of the body, partakers with the Jew of the promise of Christ Jesus.)
15:9-15:12
Paul provides several quotations of Scripture to show that the Gentiles were always included in God's plans. They hear testimony to His glory (Ps 18:49), rejoice along with His people (Dt 32:4), are called to praise Him (Ps 117:1), and are ruled by Messiah King, in whom they hope (Isa 11:10).
15:13
Paul concludes his talk on Christian conduct with prayer. Every Christian should be overflowing with hope, looking forward to eternity with 'contagious enthusiasm.'
 
 
 

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown (6/26/02)

15:5
God's titles and names describe His graces: here, patience and encouragement; in v13, hope; in v33, peace (Ro 15:33 - The God of peace be with you all. Amen.) Unity alone is not our call, for we could as easily unite in doing evil. It must be unity in Christ, modeled after Him whose desire was to reject His own will in pursuit of the Father's (Jn 6:38 - I come from heaven not to do as I will, but to do the will of Him who sent Me.)
15:6
May the day come when we truly glorify God's name with minds and mouths in perfect harmony!
15:7
If Christ puts up with us, shouldn't we put up with each other? In doing so, God is glorified.
15:8
Christ was God's ministering Servant to Israel, verifying the truth of His promises to them. Their salvation was His primary mission, yet He was also sent to the Gentiles.
15:9
This embracing of the Gentiles has always been in His plans, as the following quotations show. (Ps 18:49 - I will give thanks to You among the nations, LORD, and sing praises to Your name.)
15:10
(Dt 32:43 - Rejoice, O nations, with His people, for He avenges His servants, and repays His enemies. He will also atone for His land and His people.) The 'with' of 'with His people' is not in the Hebrew text, yet the context shows that it is intended.
15:11
(Ps 117:1 - Praise the Lord, all nations; exalt Him, all peoples!) Every nation is included in this, all those beyond the boundaries of Judaism.
15:12
(Is 11:10 - It will come to pass that nations will turn to the root of Jesse, Him who stands as a sign for all peoples; His resting place will be glorious. Rev 22:16 - I, Jesus, have sent testimony to the churches. I am the root and offspring of David, the bright morning star.) 'Root' is written representing Him as David's offspring, not His source.
15:13
This prayer comes as a closing not only to the current subject, but to the letter as a whole up to this point. Peace and joy are fruits of faith. (Ro 5:1-2 - Being justified by faith, we have peace with God through Christ Jesus. Through Him, we are introduced by faith into the grace in which we stand. This being true, we exult in hope of the glory of God. Ro 5:11 - Not only this, but we also exult in God through Christ Jesus. Through Him we have received reconciliation. Gal 5:22-23 - The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. No law prevents such things.) Being as these are the fruits of faith, it is natural that hope should flow with them as it flows from faith. If we are filled with God's joy and peace, we cannot help but overflow with hope. In God's economy, it falls to the Holy Spirit to inspire these graces in us. It is His peculiar office. No man is an island in Christ, for the law of love binds all together in mutual consideration and common salvation. Christ is the perfect model of this unselfishness. In Scripture, we find all we will need to equip ourselves for the Christian life, however trying it may become. The highest fruit of redemption is seen in the whole body of Christianity glorifying God in harmony. Our Christian hope does not look any longer at things already accomplished. Our pardon and reconciliation are settled. Where we are encouraged to wait for the hope of justification by faith (Gal 5:5), it is a call to hold firm to sound doctrine, not to be persuaded that faith alone is insufficient. It is not a claim that our justification is uncertain, that the issue of our standing with God remains unsettled. Christian hope attaches to that future work of Christ, which follows after our accomplished justification: the second coming, the complete salvation of those awaiting His return; His work in preserving us from failing of the goal; the eventual presentation of ourselves into God's glorious presence; the eternity of being with the Lord. Faith, on the other hand, holds to the cross and crown of Christ, knowing them to be the whole basis of our righteous standing in God's sight, and to the new life brought about by Christ's resurrection. There would be no hope, if faith did not have these foundations. Where faith is strong, life is fruitful, and where those spiritual fruits abound, hope must overflow, for the Holy Spirit is at work in that place.
 
 
 

New Thoughts (6/27/02-6/29/02)

This coming week commemorates a momentous point in our nation's history. It also signals a momentous point in my church's history. In years past, this coming week has been an opportunity to include our God and Savior in the celebration of this nation's birth, as we joined in the local parade. This year will be different, and from what I've heard from co-workers and friends, our participation will be sorely missed. We have become somewhat notorious for being the only parade participants who continue to give our best effort from the start to the finish. May our race for heaven be found likewise!

However, it is no sinister plot or government intervention that keeps us from marching this year. No, it is a wonderful event that supercedes our normal activities, for this year we will be moving from the old warehouse we have worshiped in these last several years, to a synagogue we will share with the present Jewish congregation there! There are many causes to glorify God for this moving. First and foremost, it means that a place set aside as holy unto God will remain so. Had we not been there, seeking a new home for the church, this beautiful temple would have been razed, and another set of hideous condos would have replaced it.

Secondly, we come as the second joint occupants of this temple, and in doing so will have the opportunity to correct any misconceptions that may have come from sharing the place with the previous, Mormon, tenants. If nothing else, our presence should doubtless remove any thought that all Christians are alike!

The move does not come without its concerns. Many find themselves worried that we are perhaps falling into syncretistic habits, falling for the 'all ways lead to God' lie. Far from it! This is not a joining in common worship, nor is it a mutual endorsement of some sort. It is a sharing of the facilities. This alone shall stand as a testimony to our God, that even with such deep-held religious differences, we can yet dwell in peace, retaining our peculiar standing.

In this move, we do nothing else but what God has required of us. He has required, as we have seen in recent studies here in Romans, and in home studies where we've been looking at the Mosaic Law, that God requires that we treat all our fellow people with respect. This remains true no matter how greatly they may err in things of eternal import. Give every man his due. The Jews remain God's special, chosen people. He has not changed. As those special to Him, they should assuredly remain special in our sight, as well.

As this move has drawn near, Paul's comments back in chapter 11 have been on my mind repeatedly, and since they have come up again in this passage, I'll take the opportunity to look at the earlier verses again.

Ro 11:11-14 - The Jews have not fallen from grace forever, but their sins have given cause for God to bring salvation to the Gentiles, so that the Gentiles, being saved, will make the Jews jealous for God once more. If their sins have proven to be of such great benefit to the world, imagine what their fulfillment will be like! Yes, I speak to you Gentiles. Though I am an apostle to Gentiles, I still magnify my ministry if I move my fellow Jews to jealousy and thus save some of them.

We have been saved with a purpose even greater than that of bringing the gospel to our fellow Gentiles. We have been saved with a purpose of drawing God's chosen people back to Him, to open their hearts to the full import of Scripture. We have been placed in this grace so that by our living of God's truth we can make them jealous for all of Him as well. Christianity has made a horrifying mess of this calling in the past. We've tried to force compliance, we've sought out conversion by threat of death. This is not what God told us to do. He told us to make them jealous for Him. He did not say that we should go and rub their faces in the Gospel. He did not tell us to go and bury them in tracts. He told us to make them jealous for Him.

Jealousy comes when we see great love, and we don't feel that we have such a great love in our own lives. How are those we will be sharing this building with to become jealous? By seeing God's great love for us, by seeing how much His love exceeds what they knew or believed. How are they going to see this? They'll see it when we do as Jesus said to do. He told us they will know that God sent Him by our love for each other. They will know Him by the love we show. And, I believe it is not just going to be in the love we show among our own congregation, although that in itself is a strong witness. No. It will include the love we show for them, which is shown in respectful treatment, which is shown in accepting them as Christ accepted us - just as they are, right where they are.

At the same time, it is not impossible that we shall learn something of God from their example as well. If there's one thing His people understand, it is that God is Holy. They have a far greater reverence for the things of God than we have known. We, in our liberty, can become entirely too free and easy. Years ago, I noted that to my mind, the Church will be most powerful when it can combine the liberty and joyous love of the charismatic with the understanding of God's truth and holiness. It takes the combination of the two to truly walk in the power of the Holy Spirit. When I first considered this, I had thought that the likely place of joining was with the higher elements of reformed theology. Yet, here I see another possibility, the possibility of learning respect for His holiness from His chosen people. May we learn well and quickly! As we learn, may our love teach as well as we are taught, that we may soon rejoice together with His people. May we stand as evidence of God's promises being yea and amen in Christ!

Look at the promise that accompanies the quote Paul made of Moses. The first half, that which Paul puts down in this letter, calls all the nations to rejoice with Israel. But Moses continued by laying down a number of reasons to rejoice. God would avenge the wrongs done to His people. What cause would this be for the Gentile nations to rejoice, unless they also became God's people? God would take His revenge upon His enemies. Would we, who were yet His enemies, rejoice to hear such news? That Moses gives such reasons as these as a reason for the Gentiles to rejoice can only indicate that he saw from all he knew of God that God was greater than the tribes of Israel, that He was God of all, and a time must come when all would worship Him.

Look, though, at the final reason Moses gives for rejoicing. Dt 32:43d - He will atone for His land and His people. This is exactly why we rejoice before our God, because He has not only promised such a thing, He has done it! He atoned for the people of His creation by the only means possible, by the shedding of His own blood, by the only sacrifice that could truly satisfy what His justice demanded. This is the reality, this is the grace in which we stand, that God has restored us to righteousness. This is what can make His chosen people jealous, seeing that there truly are those who already know the promised atonement, who no longer walk in fear of God's wrath, but rather walk in the full assurance of His eternal love.

2Corinthians reiterates how our living out our love for Him and for each other will bring about the holy jealousy He seeks. In v13:11, we are instructed to live in peace. Why? Because when we live in peace, the God of love and peace is with us. Nobody is enticed by displays of anger and contention. Nobody will be attracted to a God of conflict and chaos. No. It is the love and the peace that the Christian both experiences and pursues that will recommend his faith to those around him. Yet, it is not the Christian that generates this attraction, but the reality of God with him. Where God is manifest, hungry hearts will be jealous to draw near.

Joy and peace are kingdom concerns. The numerous mentions of joy and peace, the numerous prayers for joy and peace, that are made throughout the Gospel make this clear. They are kingdom concerns because they are not only blessings to those who are of the kingdom, they are the banner of the kingdom. They are the invitation of the kingdom, and the means by which many will be added. They are the indication to those around us of God's invitation, of His offer of a heavenly citizenship.

Such an effective power in joy and peace, however, will not come from surface display. If our love for each other is no more than display, if it is not heartfelt, then it will be a powerless thing. Nobody will be fooled by such a display except, perhaps, ourselves. The call is for affection, not affectation. It's a call to the heart. It's a call for a passionate pursuit of compassionate living. If we will live out the Gospel, if we will do those things that our Lord and Savior teaches us to do, if we will live God rather than simply talking about Him, we will see amazing increase. Not financial increase, not an increase in our position or prestige, but a kingdom increase, an increase in the number who will dwell with Him forever, an increase in the joy of the Bridegroom and those who wait with Him.

If we truly have such a kingdom focus in our lives, we must seek the greatest, most effective means to bring about the kingdom's increase. This doesn't mean we need to turn to hype or showmanship. It means we need to turn to God, and learn His instructions for us. His instructions show us that the most effective means of kingdom increase lies in the unity of the whole body. A body working to one purpose, with one voice, displaying the fruit of God's Spirit upon them will speak volumes where a tract handed out will not even gain a reading. The majority of people are not interested in philosophical niceties. They are interested in real and palpable improvements of their quality of life. The joy and peace that faith brings are a vast improvement over the fear and uncertainty that surround us daily. Yet, we're nothing more than another self-help plan, if all we accomplish is to make folks feel better about their lots.

The body is joined together for a purpose. The Westminster Catechism tells us that our primary purpose is to glorify God. That is what we were created to do. That is what we have been joined together in one body to do. It is in the proper fulfillment of this purpose, in every aspect of our lives, that we will most effectively reach those that remain unreached. To that end, the more effectively we can live out our glorification of God, the more effective we will be for His kingdom. Is this something we wish to pursue? I should hope so. However, we cannot pursue His glory by sniping with each other over every little issue.

God seeks harmony among His body. Note that harmony does not require that each one of us sing precisely the same note. In fact, the very presence of harmony requires more than one note. Nor does the timing and movement need to be precisely in lockstep. Consider a fine symphony. If all the instruments were playing the exact same melody line in the exact same timing, it would be dull as dull can be. The interest of music lies in the intricacies with which notes and timings are combined to create a pleasing whole. This is harmony. Not all notes can be combined harmoniously, though. God has created the body to recognize that there is not only harmony, there is dissonance - discord. Notes that clash are instantly recognized by the listener, generally to his distaste. There is a place in the symphony even for such dissonances, such tensions, but it requires a master's touch to use them to good advantage, to bring a pleasing result. A symphony that was constructed of nothing but such tensions would please nobody.

God looks upon our praises of Him in much the same way. They are our symphonious tribute to His glorious being. For this to be a glorifying, uplifting symphony, we must be single-minded in pursuing a harmonious offering. Single-minded does not mean single-noted. There is room for infinite variety in the praises of our God, as there will be an infinity of time in which to explore those various praises. Yet, if all possible variations were pursued in one moment, it would be not praise, but noise. We must be single-minded so as to contribute to the theme at hand in the moment.

We must also remain within the bounds of our Composer's directions. If we all pursue our own tastes and impressions, we will not only lose the necessary unity, we will not even be performing the correct piece, perhaps not even in the right place! What use the symphony, if they don't follow the Conductor? If we cannot see His baton, we cannot follow His score. It is His role to keep us on the proper bar at every moment of our lives. It is our job to keep His baton clearly in sight by studying His word, knowing the score He has written for us, so that the slightest leading of His baton can be instantly followed. This is the unity of mind and purpose we must have, a unity founded and grounded in Christ alone. Only when we know such a unity of purpose can we offer up prayers in unity. If the body is divided, the mind is divided. If the mind is divided, so, too, the prayers. And such prayers will not be heard in heaven.

This is a tough call. It is hard for us imperfect beings to maintain such a unity with each other. It is hard for us to maintain the faith, joy, and peace we are called to dwell in. No, not hard; impossible. These things are impossible for man, but with God, all things are possible! This is the point of Ps 133. How good and how pleasant it is when we live in unity! How shocking to the world around us when this occurs, for it is as rare as it would be to find the dew of the mountainsides in the midst of the desert places! It requires the power of God to bring us into such unity, and to hold us in such unity. When we allow Him to work that unity amongst us, the world cannot but recognize His hand in it. There can be no other way.

We are told, often enough, that God does not require of us things which are impossible to us. We are told this, but we are told it incorrectly. God almost always seeks from us what is impossible to us. In this way, He constantly leads us back to Himself. In this way, our absolute dependence on Him remains clear in our eyes. In this way, humility is encouraged in us. In this way, prayer becomes a matter of life and death to us. Without His aid, we cannot possibly comply with the least of His requirements. Over and over, Jesus hammered this point home to those who thought they were doing well, who thought their actions would commend them to God's gracious rewards. The Pharisees, the rich young man, the religious of the day, all thought they were doing well, obeying God's word, living Godly lives, and all this without His help, thank you very much. It took Jesus opening up the full scope of a few of the Mosaic Laws to get people to realize the impossibility of obedience. It took such drastic measures to make clear that we all remain guilty before Him unless some other atone for us. Why do you suppose God said way back before even the Law was established that He would atone? No other could. But with God all things, even our salvation, are possible! Thanks and glory be to His name!

So, to prayer we must turn, for only in Him to whom we pray can we find the power necessary to follow Him, to live in righteousness, to live in unity. How, then, shall we pray? Shall we repeat the prayers of Scripture? Shall we nag Him to satisfy all our desires? Shall we harass Him with reminders of His promises? None of these are bad things. In fact, they reflect Scripture's own advise on the matter. Yet Scripture also speaks of a better way, teaching us to seek out the truth of God first in prayer, then to seek His peace. The wisdom of God, James writes, is first pure (true), then peaceable (Jas 3:17). Jesus told us to seek the kingdom first, knowing that our needs would be provided as well (Mt 6:33).

If we will seek His truth first, then His glory must be at the base of every request we make. Self gratification should not enter into our prayers. The focus we are called to have is on the kingdom, not the flesh. Our faith is in the God of all creation. Can we really be concerned that He might forget to take care of what He's made? How is that faith in Him? Let us cry out to Him often and from the heart, but let us cry out to Him for the things that will glorify Him, that will bring an increase to His kingdom. Let us cry out to Him for the power to live a life which will promote His glory in every action and every moment! Nothing less would be fitting for the children of Almighty God.