1. IX. The Demands of Grace (12:1-13:14)
    1. B. Unity (12:3-12:15)

Calvin (4/6/02-4/7/02)

12:3
By connecting this thought to his previous statement that our purpose is to seek out the will of God, Paul reigns us in from the extremes of vain curiosity, while at the same time affirming what he has already said in that regard. Note that he makes clear that he speaks not on his own authority, but as God's mouthpiece, as an apostle. The grace given him, in this case, is a reference to that office. It is not pride that is being addressed here. It is an admonishment to know our own limits, to waste no energy on speculations that cannot bring an answer, to spend our time wisely, pursuing godly wisdom. Footnote: It is also consistent to think of this verse as dealing with self-assessment, as a call to proper humility. 'Sound judgment' implies sanity (Lk 7:15 - They went to see what had happened, and came to Jesus. With Him they found the man from whom the demons had gone, sitting at Jesus' feet, clothed and sane. This frightened them. 2Co 5:13 - If we are beside ourselves, it is for God. If we are sane, it is for you.), and a prudent nature (Tit 2:6 - Urge young men to be sensible. 1Pe 4:7 - The end is at hand, so be sound in your judgment and sober in your spirit, devoted to prayer.) "Pride is a species of insanity." It is not just the pursuit of vain understandings that is constrained here, but also pursuing godly wisdom beyond the limits God has set for us. When we proceed beyond His bounds, we are led away into foolish trifles. Part of the sacrifice we offer in offering ourselves is to be humble and teachable, our learning ruled by God. As the bounding factor is attributed to faith and not our own judgment, it is the more clear that the boundary is God's to set. Footnote: The measure of faith may speak of the degree to which one has understood Christian truth, or it may refer to the specific gifts God bestows upon His people. (Eph 4:7 - To each of us grace was given according to the measure of Christ's gift.) This latter would seem to fit, as we are proceeding towards a discussion of the offices God has established in His body.
12:4-12:5
The body is used to exemplify how we ought to live within the Church. As no single organ of the body is able to perform all the necessary functions, neither is any single man able to fill all the necessary offices of the Church. Neither does any organ seek to do that which properly belongs to another organ. We, likewise, should not seek to usurp another's office. The organs of the body each perform their peculiar work so as to contribute to the interests of the whole. So, we ought to treat such offices and faculties as God has provided us; they ought to be exercised so as to contribute to the well-being of the whole Church. Such unity as this requires of men is impossible, except Christ do the uniting. Footnote: There are two bonds upon the believer; one which unites him to Christ, and one which unites him to his fellow believers.
12:6-12:7
Humility is the best moderator of our lives. God has so arranged it that we must depend upon one another. Christian society cannot survive, except we contribute such as God has blessed us with to aid others, and they likewise contribute to supply our lack. Pride desires that all the gifts be found together in us, but God's wisdom decrees that they will be distributed, that no man may despise his fellows. Each man has a portion, which he ought diligently to impart, and this without overstepping into another's function. In this distribution, God has wisely protected His Church, and those who seek to make it otherwise oppose God. To exceed the bounds of one's gift is to abuse that gift. Prophecy, then, is to be tested by faith. The gift of ministry must express itself in teaching. Prophecy, in this case, should be taken to indicate the one whose office is to skillfully interpret and explain the will of God as revealed in Scripture. It is not to be seen as indicative of such predictive prophets as were present in the Old Testament, for all such prophecies have been fulfilled in Christ. Rather, it refers to this more mundane gift of right interpretation, which remains with the Church. (1Co 14:5 - Would that you all spoke in tongues, yet even more, I would that you all prophesied. The one who prophesies is greater than the one who speaks in tongues, unless the latter interprets so that all may be edified. 1Co 13:9 - We know in part, and so prophesy in part.) Footnote: The office of prophet has carried a two-fold meaning through both the Old and the New Testament. It may indicate one who foretells events, or one who teaches, who is able to interpret these predictive prophesies. (2Pe 1:21 - No prophecy was ever a matter of man's will, but always, it was men who spoke from God, as moved by the Holy Spirit. Rev 1:3 - Blessed are those who read or hear these words of prophecy, and heed what is written. The time is near. 1Co 12:10 - To another is given the power to work miracles, and to another prophecy. To yet another, the distinguishing of spirits, and to another various tongues, and to still another, the interpretation of tongues. 1Co 13:2 - If we have this gift of prophecy, and know every mystery, and have all knowledge and such faith as could remove mountains; yet, if I have not love, I am nothing. 1Co 13:8 - Love never fails; but prophecy and tongues will cease, and knowledge will be done away with. 1Co 14:3 - One who prophesies speaks so as to edify, exhort, and console his fellow men. 1Co 14:6 - But, if I come speaking in tongues, what use is that to you, unless I either speak with revelation, or knowledge, or prophecy, or teaching? 1Co 14:22 - Tongues are for a sign to the unbeliever, but prophecy is for those who believe. 1Th 5:20-21 - Do not despise prophetic utterances, but examine it all carefully, holding fast only to that which is good. Eph 4:11 - He gave some as apostles, some as prophets, some as evangelists, and some as pastors and teachers.) This was a separate office, not to be confused with those of apostle, evangelist, pastor, or teacher. Nor is it the same gift as revelation, knowledge, doctrine, or tongues, though it is more useful than many of these gifts, as it edifies and consoles. Thus, it seems most likely that indeed, it is the idea of one able to interpret and apply the OT prophecies to the present church that is spoken of. Elsewhere, Paul tells us that the prophetic spirit is subject to the prophet (1Co 14:32). It is for this reason, that the prophet is here reminded to be ruled by the bounds of faith. If prophecy does not align with the principles of religion, as found in Scripture, then it is to be condemned as false. Footnote: Some take this as an admonition not to prophecy beyond what has actually been given the prophet, however, Calvin's view stands up well in context. The wording of the phrase speaks of conformance rather than bounding limits. Clearly, in this context, faith indicates divine truth. (Ro 8:8 - Those in the flesh cannot please God. Gal 3:23a - Before faith came, the Law was our custodian. Ti 1:4 - Titus, you are my true child in common faith: grace and peace from God and Christ our Savior to you. Jude 3 - While I had hoped to write of our common salvation, I find it necessary to appeal to you instead to contend earnestly for the faith that was delivered once and for all to the saints.) Such as have been ordained into ministry must not keep their gifts to themselves, but must use them to minister to others. So also the teacher. All that prepares him to teach prepares him to edify the church by his learning, and this he must do, or be unfaithful to his office. This also applies to the one who exhorts, yet, though these three offices share so much they still remain distinct. The teacher is not automatically gifted in exhortation, nor is the prophet necessarily good at teaching. Still, all these gifts are to be used to one purpose: to build up the Church. Footnote: There has been much debate as to whether the ministerial office noted here is to be taken as referring to the deaconate, or to the minister. The former has been proposed, since other more pastoral functions are spoken of separately. (Ac 6:1-3 - As the disciples were increasing, complaints arose about partiality being shown to some of the widows. So the Apostles called the congregation together, and delegated to seven men the disposition of such temporal concerns. 1Ti 3:8-13 - Deacons are to be dignified men, not liars, or drunks, or greedy. They are to be such as hold to the faith with clean conscience, and ought to be tested before they serve. Women should be of the same caliber, not gossips, but temperate and faithful in every way. Deacons ought to be able to manage their own household, for they who serve well as deacons have high standing and confidence in the faith that is in Christ. 2Co 6:3 - Don't give anybody a reason to be offended, lest your ministry be discredited. Eph 3:7 - I was made a minister of the Gospel, according to the gift of God's grace given to me. Col 1:23 - Continue in this firmly established faith. Don't be moved away from the hope of the gospel. That gospel has been proclaimed to the whole world, that very gospel of which I was made a minister.) Others see this passage as addressing individuals within the church rather than officers of the church. To this is opposed the mention of leaders in verse 8, but this same word can also mean one who is over others to protect or assist them. (Eph 4:28 - Let the thief steal no longer, but let him work instead, so as to have something to give to the needy. 2Co 8:2 - In their affliction, their great joy caused their poverty to overflow in liberality of giving. 2Co 9:11 - You will be enriched in all things so as to be able to give liberally, and thereby give cause for thanksgiving to God. 2Co 9:13 - They will glorify God for your obedience to the Gospel of Christ, for your liberal contribution to them. Jas 1:5 - If anybody lacks wisdom, he should ask it of God, who gives generously to everyone. Surely, He will give to such a one without reproach.)
12:8
This is addressed not to the givers, directly, but to the deacons who were to distribute those gifts. The widows were those assigned the office of showing mercy, and care for the sick. The deacon, then, is enjoined against fraud in his handling of the gifts for the poor. The caregivers are to be cheerful, for a sour faced caregiver is a burden to the one they seek to assist. The exhortation given to the leaders within the church would do well to be applied to those in government, yet there were no such pious leaders in government to address this thought to at the time, so it clearly is to apply to the church elders.
12:9
Love is to be free of all duplicity. Men easily fool themselves into thinking they love well, when they are in fact neglectful. Footnote: "Love is the mother of justice, for it renders to God and to our neighbor what is justly due to them." Evil, in this context, is that which would do injury to another, whereas good is that kindness which would help them. More than hating this evil, we are called to turn away from it.
12:10
The devotion we are to have towards each other is that same devotion we have towards our own family. Footnote: We are to race so as to outdo each other in being first to give honor to another. (Php 2:3 - Don't let conceit lead your actions, but be humble, and regard one another as more important than oneself.) No poison is more effective against this brotherly love than pride, which will lead others to feel despised.
12:11
We will often be called upon to expend our energies in labor for others, neglecting what would be to our own benefit. Footnote: We cannot be slow to act in cases where immediate action is needful. We are not unlike the donkey in our willingness to be idle. It requires the Holy Spirit to correct us. Though this diligence be then a gift of God, yet it is a duty for us to cherish the attitude God has brought into us, lest we quench the Spirit by our insistence on our own laziness. Many manuscripts read 'serving the time.' If this be the correct reading, the implication is that our life is short, and so, our opportunities to be diligent in showing our devotion to each other are limited. If it be correctly read as 'serving the Lord,' then there is here a strong encouragement toward the devotion we are to live out in deed.
12:12
Such as 'serve the time' do so in hope of eternal life, and are thus enabled to persevere. We cannot be satisfied with present blessings, but must keep our joy's foundation with the source of those blessings in heaven. When joy has such a foundation, no sorrow can overwhelm it; patience abounds. No man can submit to the cross except his happiness be found beyond this world. The strength that is needed to keep this proper focus requires constant and instant prayer; constant because the trials we face are constant, and instant, because we otherwise would lose heart.
12:13
Love is only shown genuine when we provide for the most needy of brethren, for there, there is the least possibility of recompense. The more neglected the man, the more attentive we are to be to his wants [not just his needs.] While our love is to extend to all mankind, yet there is a special bond among the saints. In all cases, we are called to love these needful others as ourselves.
12:14
Let's be clear on the fact that these principles that Paul gives are not in some significant order, but are of equal import in describing the holy life. We are not to react in kind to those who harm us, but to seek God's blessing upon them, to pray for their prospering. "The Lord commands nothing, with respect to which He does not require our obedience." This is but one way in which God would have His children to differ from the world. Indeed, this is wholly opposed to our nature, but nothing is impossible with God. You cannot be a child of God and yet, not so much as make the attempt to oppose the natural inclinations in this regard daily. Some may restrain their hands from retaliating. Some may even quiet their souls to the point that no revenge is sought or thought. Yet God calls us higher still, insisting that we must wish them well. God is called to witness, whether we bless or curse. His hope is that He will find us blessing, concerned for the welfare of those whose ways are self-destructive.
12:15
True love cannot but share the feelings of its loved one, whether joy or sorrow. It cannot look impassively upon the sorrow of its beloved. If, on the other hand, we refuse to rejoice with a joyful brother, it can only be because envy has poisoned our thoughts.
 
 
 

Matthew Henry (4/8/02-4/11/02)

12:3
We must maintain a sober and honest opinion of ourselves. The grace Paul calls upon to back this command is both that grace which declared him an apostle, and that grace which gave him the wisdom to understand this necessity. He is a man under commission, and his word is not subject to question in this matter. Pride is an affliction common to all men, and so, all men need to hear this admonition, lest they think too much of their own abilities and wisdom. (Gal 6:3 - Anybody who thinks he is something when in fact he is nothing deceives himself.) Certainly, we ought to think ourselves too good to be slaves to sin, yet we must remain modest in considering our gifts, knowing them to be but gracious presents from God. We mustn't get involved in doubtful disputes, nor are we in position to judge those whose opinions are not as ours. It ought to be noted, however, that the phrase 'of himself' is not in the original text. With this in mind, the verse can be taken as an admonition not to exceed our limits. (Ps 131:1-2 - My heart is not proud, nor are my eyes haughty. I do not involve myself in things that are great, or in things that are too difficult for me. I have composed myself, and am quiet like a weaned child resting with his mother. My soul is like that weaned child within me. Col 2:18 - Don't be defrauded by seeking self-abasement or angel worship. Don't follow those who stand on visions, inflating them beyond their significance in their fleshly mind. Dt 29:29 - The secret things are the LORD's, but such as has been revealed belongs to us forever, so that we may observe the whole law.) We mustn't pursue vain or forbidden knowledge, but should work to gain sober knowledge that will correct our heart and reform our life. Also, the verse can be seen as cautioning us against intruding into the gifts and offices of others in the body. (2Co 10:13-15 - We will not boast beyond our right, but within the sphere God has measured to us as our bounds, which reaches even to you. If we claim to reach you, we are not overextending ourselves, for we were the first to come to you with the gospel of Christ. We are not boasting beyond our right, claiming for ourselves what has come from other men's labors, but we boast in the hope that the growth of your faith will also cause our own bounds to enlarge. Ro 12:16 - Be of one mind with each other, not proud in mind, but keeping company with the lowly. Don't be wise in your own opinions.) Wisdom is good, but to think yourself wise is bad. "There is more hope of a fool than of him that is wise in his own eyes." When Moses' face shone, he did not know it, and this was good. Any good in us is by His hands. (Jas 1:17 - Every good thing, every perfect gift, comes from the Father of lights, who never changes. 1Co 4:7 - Who would say you are superior? What do you have that you didn't receive? And if you receive it, why do you boast is if you had not?) The best of us is yet nothing more than what God has made him. When you think of yourself, think not of what your power and skill have gained you, but how kindly God has dealt with you to bless you with such good gifts. Remember always that 'in Him is all our sufficiency.' Spiritual gifts, 'radical grace,' are given out as God determines. What we do with what He gives us is good only as our doing is founded on faith. Christ received these graces without measure, but the saints receive by measure as God, in His infinite wisdom, determines. (Jn 3:34 - He whom God sent speaks God's words, for God gives the Spirit without measure. Eph 4:7 - Grace was given to each of us according to the measure of Christ's gift.) [NOTE: These seem to say just the opposite.] Christ, in spite of the great gifts given Him, remained meek and lowly. How, then, can we dare to be proud and conceited with lesser gifts? It is not as though we were the only one to receive these gifts, others have them as well. (1Co 12:12 - Even as the body is one although it has many members, and all its members constitute a single body, though they are many. So also is Christ. Eph 4:16 - From Him the whole body, fit and held together by the working of each individual part, receives cause for growth, so as to build itself up in love.) All the saints together make up but one body in Christ, with Him the head and center. We are organized and knit together in this world, with one common Spirit. We are neither the whole, nor of equal measure one to another. Yet, we are members of the whole, and serve one another.
12:4
Our offices differ. Each is called to his particular work. We must take care not to intrude on another's unique office, nor to perform our own duties such that we clash with other offices. Each office is to serve and benefit the whole, for we are members also of each other. (1Co 12:14 - The body is not one member, but many.) Here is yet another reason not to be prideful: such as has been given to us was given to us not for ourselves, but to benefit others. At the same time, we have no excuse in this to hide such talents as God has given us. That is but a false humility.
12:5
Both ability and authority are given by God as He chooses. Grace appoints, grace qualifies, grace gives a man the inclination, the will, and the doing. (1Co 12:4 - There are many different gifts, but only one Spirit. 1Ti 4:14 - Don't neglect the spiritual gifts bestowed on you with the laying on of hands. 1Pe 4:10 - Each has received a gift, so employ it in serving others. Thus, you will be a good steward of the gifts of God.)
12:6-12:8
The gifts mentioned here appear to be church offices. (Php 1:1 - Paul and Timothy write to all the saints in Philippi, including overseers and deacons.) What work belonged to the minister, and what to the deacon differs, so that together, they may complete the work more effectively. (1Ch 23:4-5 - 24000 were set aside to work in the LORD's house, and 6000 were set to work as officers and judges. 4000 were gatekeepers, and 4000 were set to praise the LORD on instruments of David's making.) Seven offices are noted, but the latter five reduce to the former two: prophecy and ministry. The first of these is not to be taken as a reference to predictive and foretelling abilities, but to the office of preaching. (1Co 14:1-3 - Pursue love, yet desire spiritual gifts, most especially that you may prophesy. The one speaking in tongues speaks only to God, for no man understands the mysteries he speaks in his spirit. But the one who prophesies speaks so as to edify, exhort, and console men. 1Co 11:4 - For a man to have his head covered while praying or prophesying is a disgrace to his head. 1Th 5:20 - Don't despise prophecy.) The OT prophets not only foretold events, but also reminded the people of the past actions. This is also what the NT preacher does, and so, he must preach in proportion with his faith. The preacher should preach with all his faith, with all he has, first to himself, and then to others. (Ps 116:10 - I believed when I said, "I am afflicted." 2Co 4:13 - Have the same spirit of faith as him who wrote, "I believed, therefore I said, `we also believe, therefore we also speak.'") In teaching, we must proportion our lessons to the measure of the student's faith. What we teach must also accord with the doctrines of faith, with the revelation of Scripture. (Ac 17:11 - The Bereans were of better mind than those of Thessalonica, for they were eager in pursuing the word they received, testing it against Scriptures each day, to see if these things were true. Ac 26:22 - As God has enabled me, I stand testifying to one and all today, and I testify nothing other than that which the Prophets and Moses said would occur. Gal 1:9 - Any man who preaches a different gospel than this is to be accursed. 1Th 5:20-21 - Do not despise the prophet's words, but examine it all carefully, and keep only that which is good.) How to examine, except by the word of God? Truth must be proven by truth. (Ti 2:8 - Be sound in speech, beyond reproach, giving your opponent nothing bad to say about us. 2Ti 1:13 - Keep as your standard the sound words I have given you in faith and love in Christ Jesus.) Art, logic, and rhetoric are useful in teaching, but not necessary. Only faith is key. To teach is to lay before men's sight the proofs of the truths of the gospel. To expound or exhort is to provide application of those truths to life. Pastor and teacher are one and the same office, (Eph 4:11 - He gave apostles, prophets, evangelists, and pastors and teachers,) but somewhat different in terms of the work to be done. The one who teaches should give his all to it, teaching constantly and diligently, and not being busied with other tasks not his own. (1Ti 4:15-16 - Be absorbed in this, so as to make your progress more evident. Pay great attention to what you are and what you teach. Persevere, for thus you will insure not only your own salvation, but also that of your hearers.) The pastor, in making application of that which the teacher teaches should also stay with his role. The most accurate of teachers may fail in making application, and, in the same way, the best of exhorters may fail utterly in basic teaching. These are gifts in balance. If the cool head of teaching and the warm heart of exhortation are not to be found in one man, then the office ought to be divided between two, so that greater edification may come to all from it. The second major group here is ministry, the deaconate. These are the ones concerned with the external business of the Church. (Neh 11:16 - Shabbethai and Jozabad were in charge of the outside work of God's house. Ac 6:2 - The apostles called the congregation together and pointed out that such matters as serving tables were leading them to neglect the more critical matter of God's word.) The financial stewards are to distribute it in accord with the need of the recipients, not taking any portion for themselves, or showing favoritism in their distributions. Their sole intent must be upon glorifying God. This is also a call to those who can do so to give generously and freely. (2Co 8:2 - Even in their great affliction, and in spite of their deep poverty, they abounded in joyously giving, overflowing in a wealth of liberality. 2Co 9:13 - Because of this, those who receive this bounty will glorify God for your obedience to Christ, and for your generosity towards them.) Those who are charged with church discipline, whether pastors or assistants, are to be diligent in carrying out their duties. (1Ti 5:17 - Elders who rule well should be held worthy of double honor, especially if they also work hard at preaching and teaching.) All care must be taken to keep the church pure. While we are all called to be merciful, this passage addresses a particular office, generally held by widows in the church. One cannot offer mercy with a sour face, and as the mercy giver is necessarily confronted by people sick and cranky, a great portion of patience is also required.
12:9
Next, Paul turns to our duty to each other, which is summed up in the work of love. (1Jn 3:18 - Let love be not only in word and speech, but in deed and truth also. 2Co 8:8 - I don't speak so as to command you, but so as to prove through their earnestness your own sincere love.) God has told us what is good, and that we should hold to that. The corollary also applies. We must avoid all that is opposed to His definition of good. Yet, it is more than avoiding the doing, it is abhorring the act. Hate sin. Refuse to be reconciled with it. The very appearance of sin ought to cause such hatred in us. Make a deliberate choice to do good, and persevere in that pursuit. (Ac 11:23 - When he had witnessed the grace of God, he rejoiced, and encouraged them to remain true to the Lord, with resolute heart.) Our love for our brethren must never cause us to ease up on sin, or our hatred for it. We must be willing to set aside every friendship to cling to God.
12:10
This love is our due to our friends. We are to be genuinely and freely affectionate with each other in all courtesy. Those we are commanded to love here are also commanded to love us, and what can be better than to love and be loved? We are to be respectful in this love, considering our loved ones more important than ourselves. (Php 2:3 - Don't be selfish or conceited, but in all humility consider each other as more important than yourselves.) This is only reasonable, as we know our hearts better than any other, and so know our true estate better than we know any other's. We ought to be quick to praise our fellows, and slow to seek praises for ourselves. (Tit 3:14 - Learn to do good deeds that meet pressing needs, so that they won't be unfruitful.) Our consideration towards our fellows is not to become an excuse for our own inaction.
12:11
If we present ourselves to Him, what can be our business but to serve Him? (Ac 27:23 - This very night, an angel of the God to whom I belong, and whom I serve, stood before me.) How, then, are we to serve? In the world, we serve by being industrious in our businesses. As all of our employments are by His calling, they ought all to be treated as the Father's business. (1Th 4:11 - Have as your ambition the leading of a quiet life, and attending to you own work, as we commanded you. Lk 2:49 - Why were you looking for Me? Didn't you know that I had to be in My Father's house?) Even more, however, this passage applies to the business of religion. We must choose to learn and love that business. Indeed, it ought to be the main employment of our time, in which we should never be slothful. The slothful in this regard are not otherwise than evil. To serve God, we must serve with the spirit, as directed by the Holy Spirit. (Ro 1:9 - God, Him whom I serve in my spirit in preaching the gospel of His Son, is my witness as to how often I mention you in my prayers. Jn 4:24 - God is spirit, and those who worship Him must worship in spirit and truth.) Only as we serve from our spirits is our service pleasing to God. Such service cannot be but fervent, for we serve with all our hearts and all our souls. "This is the holy fire that kindles the sacrifice, and carries it up to heaven." We are to make the best use possible of the opportunities God presents us.
12:12
God is honored when we place our hope in Him, and when we rejoice in that hope, it shows an even greater assurance, and so gives greater honor. He is honored not only by our willing work when such is His call, but by our willing suffering when such is His call. True piety is to know such patience in His will. These two things are often connected; the rejoicing in His hope and the patience in His tribulations. The one helps us to bear up under the other. Prayer supports both of these, even as it serves the Lord. Prayer ought not to be cold duty, nor wearisome. (Lk 18:1 - He told them a parable to show that they ought always to pray without losing heart. 1Th 5:17 - Pray without ceasing. Eph 6:18 - With all prayer and petition pray constantly in the Spirit. Considering this, be ever alert and persevere in your petitions for all the saints. Col 4:2 - Devote yourselves to prayer, so as to remain alert, and maintain an attitude of thanksgiving.)
12:13
We must love liberally, giving of our supplies to provide for others' needs. Becoming a saint brings no guarantee of worldly possessions, so the needs of the saints still need to be met by their fellows. Those of means need to distribute what they have to meet the needs that exist among the saints. Ministry is to the body as well as the soul. (Jas 2:15-16 - If one is in need of clothing or food, and you simply give them a benediction, and wishes of better things, yet will not provide for their immediate need, what use is it? 1Jn 3:17 - He who has goods in this world, and sees a brother in need but will not help, how can he claim to have the love of God in him?) Just as God has gifted us with various offices to supply the whole Church, He has also gifted some with abundance and some with need in this life, to be born equally by the whole Church. (Php 4:14 - You have done well to share in my afflictions.) We must be ready to aid any man in need, but there remains a special bond amongst the saints. (Gal 6:10 - Let us do good to all men, while we have the opportunity, paying special attention to those of the household of faith.) An alternate reading of this verse suggests the idea that we are to cherish the memories of those who have gone ahead of us into the promised inheritance. (Pr 10:7a - The memory of the righteous is blessed.) Those with homes should open their homes to those who are traveling or homeless on God's account. We should seek out opportunities to open our homes in this manner. (Ge 18:1 - The LORD appeared to Abraham by the oaks, while he was sitting in the door of the tent. Ge 19:1 - Two angels came to Sodom while Lot was sitting in the gate. When he saw them, he rose to meet them, and bowed. Heb 13:2 - Don't fail to show hospitality to strangers, for some have unknowingly entertained angels in doing so.)
12:14
Towards others, our words are to be words of blessing. We need to seek out the good that remains in them, and make mention of it. We must be respectful of their rank, whatever it may be, and not respond in bitterness. We must desire their good, and set aside thoughts of revenge. This desire must be taken to God in prayer. Note that this is our only recourse when no opportunity lies with us to bless them materially. Where such opportunities are ours, we ought to be as quick to fill their need as any other. (Lk 23:24a - Jesus said, "Father, forgive them. They don' know what they are doing.") Such blessing is not to be at prayer time only, with us returning to cursing once prayer is done. No, there ought be no curse in our mouth at any time.
12:15
Love is to be sympathetic. (1Co 12:26 - If one suffers, all suffer with him. If one is honored, all rejoice with him. Ezra 3:12-13 - Many of the priests, Levites, and elders, who had seen the first temple, wept loudly when the foundation was laid, while others were shouting for joy. Thus, the joyful shouts could not be distinguished from the wailing, for they shouted loudly, and the sound carried far.) This does not require that we join in the sins of those we are sympathetic with. Nor is it permission to be envious of those with whom we rejoice. In doing this, we do no more than imitate God who does the same for us. (Ps 35:27 - Shout and rejoice! Say continually that the LORD is to be magnified! He delights in the prosperity of His servant. Isa 63:9 - In all their afflictions He was afflicted, and His presence saved them. In His love and mercy He redeemed them, He carried them.)
 
 

Adam Clarke (4/11/02-4/12/02)

12:3
Paul speaks from the authority of his office as apostle. (Eph 3:8 - To me, the least of all saints, grace was given to preach to the Gentiles, all the riches of Christ.) This appointment was direct from God. He requires that we set aside all pride, not to be puffed up on account of the grace we have received, or on account of offices we have been assigned to. Think clearly, and recognize that such as you have, you have from God as a gift, and any glory that comes of that belongs to the giver of the gift. Here, faith most likely speaks of the knowledge and experience of Christian religion.
12:4
All offices contribute to the support of the whole Church, and none can be thought more useful than the others.
12:5
We are each assigned offices according to our unique abilities and qualifications. But we remain part of one body, and will have as much need for others in their offices as they have for us in ours.
12:6
Such gifts and abilities as God has blessed us with, we ought to be diligent to improve upon while remaining within the bounds of our assigned office. We should be diligent to use these abilities in His purpose. Prophecy often indicates the gifts of exhortation, preaching, or expounding in the New Testament. (1Co 11:4-5 - Every man who covers his head while praying or prophesying, disgraces his head. But a woman who does not cover her head while praying or prophesying, disgraces hers. She acts no differently than the ones who shave their heads. 1Co 14:3 - One who prophesies speaks to men so as to edify, exhort, and console.) Edification, exhortation, and consolation belong to the office of the preacher, so it is clear that prophecy refers to that office. (Lk 1:76 - You will be called a prophet of the Most High, going before Him to prepare His ways. Lk 7:28 - Among all who were born of woman, none is greater than John. Yet the least member of God's kingdom is greater than he. Ac 15:32 - Judas and Silas, being prophets, encouraged the brethren with a lengthy message. 1Co 14:29 - Let two or three prophets speak, and then the others ought to judge what was said.) Those who preach and interpret Scripture must do so within the limits of the light God has shed upon their minds, not claiming any knowledge they don't truly possess. In being a teacher, they must be certain never to think themselves wiser than the Word. They must not fall into fanciful interpretations of Scripture. The issue at hand in this verse is that each should remain within the scope of his own office and ability, so as to provide no gratification to pride. The final clause of this verse is 'the analogy of faith.' This phrase has been taken to indicate the right doctrine of Scripture, well balanced in all its interrelationships. What is taught ought to be from such right doctrine.
12:7
Service is the office of the deacon. (Ac 6:4 - But we will devote ourselves to prayer, and to ministering the word.) The teacher's office is instruction, explaining the doctrines of faith, and the great truths of Christianity.
12:8
Exhortation consists in admonishing the disorderly, and supporting the weak and penitent. Giving consists in distributing the alms of the church, in which no partiality may be shown. The same word which is translated 'leads' also speaks of one who defends or patronizes, and so, this may indicate those who provided for strangers, the hospitality committee, as it were. (Ro 16:1-2 - Phoebe is a servant of the church in Cenchrea. Receive her in the Lord, as is worthy of the saints, and help her as she may have need; for she has been a helper to many, including myself.) Those who do acts of mercy must not be grudging in their doing, not acting as those constrained by orders. The poor may often be wicked and worthless, but those who are charged with their care must take care that their hearts not become hardened against those they aid.
12:9
Love must not be a mask, or empty words. "Love God and your neighbor; and, by obedience to the one and acts of benevolence to the other, show that your love is sincere." We must hate sin as much as we hate hell. The word used for hatred is taken from a root which speaks of the mythical river Styx, by which the gods were said to swear their oaths. As the breaking of such an oath was cause for them to be deprived of their drink for a century, the river was considered most hateful. We, in turn, must view sin as most hateful. On the other hand, we ought to hold to the good as if glued to it, unalterably attached to whatever leads to God.
12:10
Philadelphia: that affection that every Christian should feel towards his fellow Christians, being members of one body. Devotion: the affection of a mother towards her children, the delight we take in our youth. So, the love we have for our spiritual brother should be of the same nature and depth as that we would have for our natural brother. We are to hold all our brethren as more worthy than ourselves. We mustn't allow the honors bestowed on them to cause either grief or envy in ourselves, nor can we afford to wallow in self pity when accolades do not accompany our accomplishments.
12:11
The same God who forbade working on the Sabbath requires our work for the remaining six days. To fail to labor is as much a sin as to fail to keep the Sabbath. "Do nothing at any time but what is to the glory of God." Do all as serving Him, and thus be always earnest in your efforts. Remember that you live your life Coram Deo, so let your intentions be free of all deception, and your affections be pure. Alternative readings suggest the passage as saying to serve the time, to take advantage of present opportunity.
12:12
Rejoice! Your hope is no less than the revealing of the glory of God, which is sure to come to those who believe. As your suffering is for Christ, and is therefore honorable, don't allow it to disturb your patience. Pray unceasingly for that light and power of the Spirit by which alone we can hate evil, do good, love our brothers, keep hope, and bear our trials.
12:13
Insomuch as it is in your power, aid the poor among the brethren, and do good also to those outside the faith. Entertain strangers in need of shelter.
12:14
Pray for those who speak against you, who threaten you. Ask not for revenge, but for blessing upon them, no matter the provocation. Love and forgive, just as your Lord has done.
12:15
Be glad for those who prosper, and have compassion and sympathy towards those who are burdened with sorrows. By sympathizing with them, we in some way take a portion of their burden upon ourselves, and so lighten their load.
 
 
 

Barnes' Notes (4/12/02-4/16/02)

12:3
What follows are ways in which we can show ourselves not conformed to the world. These instructions, Paul issues in the authority of his apostolic office. (Ro 1:5 - We received grace and apostleship for the purpose of bringing the Gentiles to the obedience of faith. Gal 1:6 - I am amazed that you so quickly desert Him who called you by grace, and have taken after a different gospel. Gal 1:15 - He set me apart from my mother's womb, calling me through His grace. Gal 2:9 - James, Peter and John recognized that grace which had been given me, and gave both myself and Barnabas the hand of fellowship. Eph 3:8 - To me, the least of all saints, was given the grace to preach to the Gentiles of the riches of Christ. 1Ti 1:14 - The Lord's grace was more than abundant, with the faith and love which are in Christ. Jesus.) Don't overestimate your worth. Beware of pride in any talent, wealth, or function with which God may have blessed you. Our standards are matters of character, not possession. "There is no sin to which people are more prone than an inordinate self-valuation and pride." The only standard for character is principled and moral action. If we properly evaluate ourselves, we will be humble and modest in character, showing wisdom. God has even given us that faith by which we believe, which, if nothing else, ought to keep us humble and thankful. No object in which we could take pride is of our own creation, but all is given to us, and all that is worthy of pride belongs to the Giver. Faith is here put to stand for the Christian religion, which is characterized by confidence in God. (Mk 16:17 - Those who believe will cast out demons in My name, and speak with new tongues. Heb 11:1 - Faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen. Ro 4:1 - What is it, then, that Abraham has found?) Our character can only be judged by its attachment to God. Piety is the only real standard by which we can judge ourselves. All other standards are amoral. This attachment to God and Christ is precisely the measure by which God will judge. Piety alone promotes the humility which keeps us secure before God. All other measures promote pride. Piety is equally available to rich and poor, to educated and uneducated.
12:4
Another illustration, then, of our duty. Humility is also promoted in recognizing that such offices as men are assigned to they are assigned to by God. He determines the organization of the Church, and who shall fill what role. As He is our Lord, we should be accepting His orders as His subordinates, and seeking to fulfill our duty. As in our bodies, so in our Church, each organ fulfilling its own function well, and fulfilling no other. (Eph 4:25 - There are many gifts, but one Spirit. Eph 5:30 - So put away from yourselves all lies, and speak only truth to your neighbor, for we are all members of one another. 1Co 12:14-15 - For the body is not one part, but many. If the foot decided that it was not part of the body because it was not a hand, yet it would remain part of the body in fact.) All the constituent parts are necessary to the existence, beauty, and happiness of the body.
12:5
As numerous as we may be, and as far flung in the nations, we remain one united society, with all equally dependent on the others. We have one interest, which we each contribute our unique talents to promote. This widespread body of believers is connected to Christ as the head. (Eph 1:22-23 - He put all things in subjection, and gave Christ as head over all the Church, which is His body, the fullness of Him who fills all in all. Jn 15:1-7 - I am the vine, and My Father is the vinedresser. Any branch which does not bear fruit, He removes. Any branch that does bear fruit, He prunes, so that it may bear more. You are already cleansed by My word. Remain in Me, and I in you. The branch cannot bear fruit if it is no longer on the vine. Neither can you be fruitful if you are no longer in Me. I am the vine, you are the branches. As we abide in each other, you will bear much fruit, but apart from Me you can do nothing. If you do not abide in Me, you will be thrown away to be burned. If you abide in Me, and My word in you, ask what you will, and it shall be done for you.) This is not physical union, or some mystical merging of personalities into a single whole. He is our head, our Lawgiver, our Guide, and our Redeemer, to whom we are bound by bonds of love and friendship. (1Co 12:25-26 - The body should be undivided, each member caring for all others in the same fashion. If one suffers, all should suffer with it. If one is honored, all should rejoice with it.) We all depend on each other. There is no such thing as an unimportant member of the Church. Men may be given different gifts in different degrees, yet each is equally useful to the Church. In this, we can find no cause to despise any brother, but 'in all we should acknowledge the goodness and wisdom of God.'
12:6
Every ability of the Christian is a gift of God, whether natural abilities, or favors of grace. (Ro 1:11 - I long to see you so as to impart some spiritual gift to you. Ro 5:15-16 - The free gift is not like the transgression. For one man's transgression, many died. All the more did the grace of God abound to many in His gift by grace of Christ Jesus. That gift is not like the results that came of Adam's sin, for in that case judgment came from one sin resulting in condemnation. But in the case of Christ, the free gift came from many sins resulting in justification. Ro 6:23 - The wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord. Ro 11:29 - The gifts and calling of God are irrevocable. 1Co 7:7 - I wish all men were as I am. But each man has his own gift from God. 1Co 12:4 - There are various gifts, but one Spirit. 1Co 12:9 - Some have faith by that Spirit, others have gifts of healing by that Spirit. 1Co 12:28 - God has appointed gifts in the Church: apostles, prophets, teachers, miracles, gifts of healings, helps, administrations, and tongues.) We were never created equal, God has given each of us a unique set of endowments. How He chooses to distribute these abilities is to no one's harm, and each of us is responsible to use what He has given so as to benefit all. Since all we have is by His giving, we ought have no pride in the matter, and ought to be willing to satisfy ourselves with our rightful place in the church. True honor 'consists in rightly discharging the duties which God requires of us in our appropriate sphere." Specific classes of gifts are now discussed. Prophecy is first. It refers not only to predictive ability, but also to the ability to declare and interpret the will and purposes of God. Often, these two properties of prophecy were combined, the predictions close-coupled with instructive exhortations. Often, the office of prophet is connected with teaching in the NT. (Ac 13:1 - At the church Antioch there were prophets and teachers: Barnabas, Simeon, Lucius, and Manaen, and Saul. Ac 15:32 - Judas and Silas, being prophets, encouraged those gathered with a lengthy message. Ac 21:10 - While they were there, a prophet named Ababus came from Judea. 1Co 12:28-29 - God appointed first apostles, then prophets, then teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healings, helps administrations, and tongues. Yet all are not apostles, nor are all prophets, nor teachers, nor miracle workers. 1Co 14:29-32 - Let two or three prophets speak, then the rest should pass judgment. If one still seated receives a revelation, let the former prophet remain silent. You can prophesy in orderly fashion so that all can learn by it, for the spirits of prophets are subject to them. 1Co 14:39 - Desire to prophesy, but do not forbid tongues. 1Co 14:37 - If any thinks himself a prophet, a spiritual man, let him understand that these things which I write to you are the Lord's commands. Eph 4:11 - He gave apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers.) Note that in both lists, the prophet is subordinate to the apostle. We can see, then, that prophets were a distinct order of teachers. They were under inspiration, receiving revelation. They were capable of self-control, able to use the prophetic gift in the same way we use our normal mental faculties. Thus, they were capable not only of controlling their gift, but also of abusing their gift. (1Co 14:2 - One who speaks in tongues does not speak to men, but to God, for no man understands him, but in his spirit, he speaks mysteries. 1Co 14:4 - One speaking in tongues edifies only himself, but a prophet edifies the whole church. 1Co 14:6 - If I come speaking in tongues, what use is that to you, unless I also speak with revelation, or knowledge, or prophecy, or teaching? 1Co 14:11 - If I cannot understand the language, it will be as if I conversed with a barbarian.) Prophets are subject to the apostles, but superior to other teachers and pastors. The office of prophet was temporary, for the establishing of the church, ceasing along with the apostolic office once the church was well founded. The word translated 'proportion' is not used elsewhere in the NT. It speaks of the comparative ratio of two properties. In this case, faith bespeaks the gift given them by God, (Mt 21:21 - If you have faith, and doubt not, you will do more than what has been done to this fig tree, you will even be able to cast down mountains. Lk 17:6 - If your faith were even of a size with a mustard seed, you could tell this tree to remove itself to the sea, and it would.) and the admonishment is to remain within the limits of the gift, not exaggerating what God had revealed. Nor is the prophet to attempt to exercise the function of apostle. The passage cannot be taken as an admonishment to conform with doctrine, nor can it be applied directly to other classes of teacher. It is certainly true that doctrine should conform with doctrine, that truth cannot contradict truth, but that is not the subject of this particular passage. As for application, the general application applies to all: such gifts as God has given are to be exercises in strict accord with His will as to time, place, manner, and purpose. "They are to employ them in the purpose for which God gave them; AND FOR NO OTHER."
12:7
Ministry is service of any kind. (Lk 10:40 - Martha was distracted with all manner of preparations. She complained to the Lord as it seemed her sister left her to do all the serving alone. She requested that He tell her to help.) In religion, ministry is then service of any kind rendered to Christ. In a more narrow sense, the word is applied to the deacons, who covered the external interests of the church. (Ac 1:17 - He was counted among us, and received his portion in this ministry. Ac 1:25 - Somebody is needed to occupy the ministry and apostleship from which Judas turned aside. Ac 6:4 - We will devote ourselves to prayer and to ministering the word. Ac 12:25 - Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, having fulfilled their mission. They took with them John Mark. Ac 20:24 - I don't consider my life dear, so that I may finish the course and ministry which I received from the Lord Jesus. Ac 21:19 - After greeting them, he related to them what God had done among the Gentiles through his ministry. Ro 11:13 - I speak to you Gentiles. Since I am an apostle to Gentiles, I magnify my ministry. Ro 15:31 - May I be delivered from those in Judea who disobey, may my service for Jerusalem prove acceptable to the saints. 2Co 5:18 - All things are from God, who reconciled us to Himself through Christ, and gave us the ministry of reconciliation. 2Co 6:3 - Give no cause for offense, so that the ministry won't be discredited. Eph 4:12 - Work to equip the saints for works of service, so as to build up the body of Christ. 1Ti 1:12 - I thank Jesus our Lord, who strengthened me, for He thought me faithful, and put me into service. Ac 6:1 - As the disciples increased in number, complaints arose from the Hellenistic Jews against the rest, because their widows were being overlooked in the distribution of food. Ac 11:29 - Any disciple that had the means to do so, sent contributions for the relief of the brethren in Judea. 1Co 16:15 - You know that Stephanas and his family were the first converts of Achaia, and that they have been devoted to ministering to the saints. 2Co 11:8 - I stole from other churches, taking my wages from them so as to serve you.) In this passage, it seems the term is applied not to deacons, but to preachers. Those who teach the word ought to be completely occupied by that work, and seek no other office. How are we to distinguish these classes of prophet, minister, teacher, and exhorter? Perhaps the prophet should be seen as the one who speaks by inspiration, the minister is one who works in all the functions of ministry including the serving of the sacraments. The teachers instruct in basics and doctrines, but do not do the ministerial works that the minister does. The exhorter cajoles and encourages believers to live a holy life, without being involved in directly teaching, nor in ministering as such. Teachers are next to prophets in the lists. (Ac 13:1 - Antioch had prophets and teachers: Barnabas, Simeon Niger, Lucius Cyrene, Manaen, and Saul. 1Co 12:28 - God appointed for the church first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, administrations, and tongues. Eph 4:11 - He gave apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers.) The teacher is a separate office in the church, and so the early churches of New England were set up having a pastor and a teacher. The teacher's purpose was to instruct members in doctrine. Today, this office is largely found in the Sunday school. In such an influential position, it is important that the teacher teach diligently and consistently. This is God's arrangement, and it is intended to promote the edification of His people.
12:8
The exhorter makes application to real life. He speaks of God's warnings and promises to excite us to proper duty. This office appears to have merged with others, but that is not necessarily for the best. The giver is a reference to the duties of the deacon in distributing the church properties. Providing for the needy is an important work of the church. (Ac 2:44-47 - Believers were together in one place, and shared all things in common. They sold their properties so as to share with all, as any had need. They continued to be in the temple with one mind, breaking bread house to house, and eating together in sincere gladness, praising God, and finding favor with the people. The Lord added daily to the number of those being saved. Ac 4:34-37 - There was no needy person to be found among them, for any who had land sold it and brought in the proceeds for the apostles to distribute as needed. Joseph the Cyprian Levite (also called Barnabas, the son of encouragement), had some land and sold it, bringing the money to the apostles. Ac 5:1-11 - The story of Ananias and Sapphira. Gal 2:10 - They asked that we remember the poor, which I was already eager to do. Ro 15:26 - Macedonia and Achaia have been glad to contribute to the poor among the brothers in Jerusalem. 2Co 8:8 - This is not a command, but I hope that through the earnestness of others, your own sincere love will be proven, too. 2Co 9:2 - I know that you are ready. I boasted of your readiness to the Macedonians, telling them how Achaia had been ready since last year. Your zeal has encouraged their own. 2Co 9:12 - The ministry of this service does more than fill the needs of the saints, but overflows, many giving their thanks to God. Ac 6:2-6 - The apostles called together the disciples, pointing out that it was not right for them to neglect God's word to serve tables, so the selected seven men by vote, all of good repute and full of the Spirit. To them was given the duty of serving food, while the apostles devoted themselves to prayer and word ministry. The congregation approved of all this, and brought forth seven men to the apostles, prayed, and then laid hands upon them. Php 1:1 - Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ, write to all the saints in Philippi, including the overseers and deacons. 1Ti 3:8 - Deacons must be dignified, trustworthy in speech, not drunkards, nor given to dishonest gain. 1Ti 3:12 - They ought to have only one wife, and ought to manage their own family and household well.) They are to be 'simple', honest and pure in their dealings. (Mt 6:22 - The eye is the lamp to the body. If your eye is clear, you body will be filled with light. Lk 11:34b - but when it is bad, your body is filled with darkness. 2Co 8:2 - In spite of great affliction and poverty, their giving overflowed in abundant wealth and liberality. 2Co 9:11 - You will be enriched so as to be able to give liberally, thereby producing a thanksgiving to God in those who receive. 2Co 9:13 - Because of the proof this ministry provides, they will glorify God. The ministry is made possible by your obedience to the gospel, and your liberal contributions to them and to all. Eph 6:5 - Slaves must remain obedient to their masters, with fear and trembling, and sincere heart, as to Christ. Col 3:22 - In all things, obey your earthly masters not only with external service, but with sincerity of heart, and fear of the Lord.) The possession of wealth is strong temptation to any man, and so, the instruction to the deacons to remain sincere of heart in putting that wealth to its intended use. We all ought to have this same sincere purpose towards such wealth as God provides us. The ruler presides, and takes care of matters. (1Th 5:12 - We request that you be appreciative of those who work so hard, having charge over you in the Lord and giving you instruction. 1Ti 3:4-5 - Such a one must manage his own house well, with his children controlled and dignified. If he cannot manage his own house, how then the church of God? 1Ti 3:12 - Deacons ought to have but one wife, and ought to manage their household and children well. 1Ti 5:17 - Elders who rule well are worthy of being doubly honored, especially those who work so hard at preaching and teaching. Ti 3:8 - Here is truth, and speak it out confidently, so that believers will be careful to be about doing good deeds. Such deeds are indeed good and profitable for a man. Ti 3:14 - Let us learn to busy ourselves in doing good deeds, meeting needs, so as not to be unfruitful.) Whether this was a full time office in the church, or a temporary position to cover a specific business assembly is uncertain. In any case, they were to do their duty quickly, carefully, and attentively. (Mk 6:25 - She came hastily before the king to ask for John's head. Lk 1:39 - Mary arose and went hastily to a city in the hill country of Judah. 2Co 7:12 - See what earnestness this godly sorrow produces in you: it vindicates you, building indignation, fear, longing, and zeal within you to avenge the wrong. Thereby, you show yourselves totally innocent. So, even though I wrote, it was neither for the offender nor the offended, but only that your earnestness might be more clear to you in God's sight. 2Co 8:7-8 - As you abound in everything: faith, utterances, knowledge, earnestness, and love, see that you also abound in this work. This is not given as a command, but to prove the sincerity of your love through the earnestness of others. Heb 6:11 - We desire that you all show the same diligence, so that you will all know the full assurance of hope until the end.) As deacons distributed alms, it appears there was a separate office that actually attended on those under affliction. Those who fill this office need be cheerful and pleasant in carrying out its duties. Such a gentle disposition is indispensable when serving at the sickbed. To be without it would be a burden to the one we seek to help. (2Co 9:7 - Let each one do as he has purposed in his heart, not as though under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver.) Here, then, we have been given the order and duties of the church membership, in all its offices. In summary, we might say that each should be diligent and earnest in performing the duties of his position, neither despising the role we have been given, nor assigning that role more significance than it deserves. In this, there is peace and order.
12:9
Now we move into the duties of every Christian, beginning with love - good will towards men. (2Pe 1:7 - In your godliness, practice kindness, and in kindness, practice love.) Such love must be in earnest, and not a matter of empty words. (1Jn 3:18 - Love not with word or tongue, but in deed and truth. 1Pe 1:22 - Since you have purified your souls in obedience for sincere love of the brethren, love one another fervently, from the heart.) Hate all unkindness. Here, we are shown the exact opposite of those acts of love. (Mt 5:37 - Let your answer be yes, or no. Anything more than that is of evil. Mt 5:39 - Don't resist the evil man. If he should slap your right cheek, turn your left to him also. Ps 34:14 - Depart from evil and do good. Seek peace, and pursue it. 2Ti 2:19 - God's foundation stands firm, sealed by the words, "The Lord knows those who are His," and, "Let everyone who names the name of the Lord abstain from wickedness." Ps 97:10 - Hate evil, if you love the Lord. He preserves the souls of His godly ones and delivers them from wicked hands. 1Th 5:22 - Abstain from every form of evil.) Be glued to good, inseparably joined. Our benevolence towards others should not be an occasional thing, but a constant thing.
12:10
The word translated 'devoted' here is not found elsewhere in the NT. It speaks of the affection of parent for child, and tells us we ought to feel the same towards our fellow Christians. (1Pe 2:17 - Honor all men; love your brothers, fear God, and honor the king.) This devotion is added to by a call to such love as is held between brothers, which Christ called the badge of discipleship. (Jn 13:34-35 - I give you a new commandment: love each other just as I have loved you. By this all men will know that you are My disciples, if you so love each other. Jn 15:12 - This is my commandment: love one another as I have loved you. Jn 15:17 - I command that you love one another. Eph 5:2 - Walk in love, just as Christ loved you. He gave Himself up for us as a sacrificial offering to God. 1Th 4:9 - You don't need further prompting to love your brothers, for God himself has taught you to do so. 1Jn 2:7-8 - This is no new commandment I am writing, but one you have had from the start, a word you have already heard. Yet, it is new, true in Him and you, because true light is shining and darkness is passing away. 1Jn 3:11 - That message, that commandment, is that we should love one another. 1Jn 3:23 - It is His command that we believe the name of His Son Jesus Christ, and love each other as He commanded us. 1Jn 4:20-21 - If one says he loves God, yet hates his brother, then he lies. If he cannot love the brother he has seen, he certainly cannot love God whom he sees not. This is the commandment He has given us, that if we love God, we ought also to love our brothers.) Don't seek out honors for yourself, but seek to show honor and respect to others. In this latter, seek to excel, to lead others by your example. (1Pe 1:5 - You are protected by God's power through faith, for a salvation that is to be revealed in the end time. Eph 5:21 - Be subject to each other in fear of Christ.) Parent and child are here called to respect each other. Master and slave, employer and employee, are so called to respect each other, each of us seeking to promote the happiness of the other by kindness. Here is an end to envy and burning ambition. Here is the foundation of community. Here is that which would make each man willing and happy to occupy the role for which God designed him. (3Jn 9 - Diotrephes loves to be the first among the church, so he does not accept what we say.)
12:11
(Mt 25:16 - The one who had five talents went immediately and traded them, gaining five more.) We ought to be 'diligently occupied in our proper employment.' Whatever labor we do, we ought to do faithfully. (Ecc 9:10 - Whatever you find to do, do it with all your might. There will be no call for activity, planning, knowledge, or wisdom in death.) Christianity tends to teach us the value of time, give us many important things to do, and incline us to make the most, therefore, of every moment. It turns the mind from lazy pleasures. Christ was constantly employed with the duties of His life, and those who follow Him are likewise constant in their duties. Idleness and Christianity do not mix. We will be held answerable for the work God has assigned us. (Jn 5:17 - My Father is still working even now, and so, I also am working. Jn 9:4 - We must do the works of Him who sent Me so long as daylight lasts. Night is coming, when no man can work. 1Th 4:11 - Seek to lead a quiet life, caring for your own business, working with your hands, as we commanded you. 2Th 3:10 - When we were with you, we gave you this order: if one will not work, neither shall he eat. 2Th 3:12 - We command and exhort you in Christ Jesus to work quietly and eat your own bread. Ac 20:34-35 - You know that these hands have taken care of my own needs, as well as the needs of my fellows. In this, I showed you that hard work must be done to help the weak, so as to show we remember the Lord's words, for He said, 'It is more blessed to give than to receive.') The intensity of our spirit should be like that of boiling water, or red hot metal, intense and glowing. (Ac 18:25 - This man had been instructed in the Lord's ways, and as he was fervent in spirit, he spoke and taught the things of Jesus accurately, although he had only known John's baptism.) The spirit, in this case, represents the heart or mind. We should be filled with zeal for that in which we are engaged. Having found our task, our labor, in Christ, we ought then to be at it with all zeal. This, the moreso, because we are His servants. Whatever task He has assigned us, however menial it may be, is glorious because He has assigned it, and if we do it well, it abounds to His glory. Worldly jobs tend to turn our eyes from God, and we can easily forget Him as we engage in them. So, Paul recalls our attention to the true source of our employments. Whoever may be signing our checks, we must remain clear that our labors are for God, and His glory must remain our purpose in whatever work we do. (1Co 10:31 - Whatever you do, do it all to the glory of God. Eph 6:5 - Be obedient to your masters with a sincere heart, as if it were Christ himself you served. Col 3:17 - Whatever you say or do, do it all in the name of the Lord, and give thanks through Him to the Father. Col 3:22-24 - Obey your earthly masters not only with external service, as if you were only to please men, but obey from a sincere heart that fears the Lord. Do whatever work you do heartily, doing it for the Lord rather than for men. 1Pe 4:11 - If you speak, speak God's word. If you serve, serve in God's strength. In all things, may God be glorified through Jesus Christ, to whom glory and dominion belongs forever. Amen.) Be industrious in some lawful employment, and pursue it so long as God wills, as one obedient to His command, and seeking His glory.
12:12
Our hope is for eternal life and glory. (Ro 5:2-3 - Through Him we have been introduced by faith into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice in hope of the glory of God. Not only this, but we exult in our trials, knowing that our trials produce in us perseverance.) Hope sustains us amidst tribulation, for we know our future glory is coming. (Rev 21:4 - He shall wipe away every tear, and death shall be no more. No longer shall any mourn, or cry, or be in pain, for the first things have passed away. Rev 7:17 - The Lamb on the throne will be their shepherd, guiding them to springs of the water of life, and God will wipe away every tear. Jas 1:4 - Let endurance have its perfect result, so that you may be perfect and complete, lacking nothing. Ro 8:18 - I consider these present sufferings unworthy of comparison to the glory that will be revealed to us.) Persevere also in prayer. (Col 4:2 - Devote yourselves to prayer, remaining alert in it with thanksgiving. Lk 18:1 - By this parable, he showed them that they should pray at all times without losing heart.) Prayer is not only the fulfilling of our duty, it is a necessary support for hope and perseverance. If we wish to stand, we must 'live near to God.' (Ps 119:164 - Seven times a day I praise You because of Your righteous Law. Da 6:10 - Daniel, knowing of the signed document, went home to his roof chamber, and continued kneeling in prayer to God three times daily, just as he had done before.) Every Christian should have time and place allotted to be alone with God. Without this, a life of piety is not possible. Morning and evening are times that recommend themselves for prayer, the first as a precedent to the cares of the day, and the last as a time to seek forgiveness for the errors of the day. This is above and beyond those times that cry out to us to pray, out of a sense of loss or danger, and such other times as prayer may be all that satisfies. (Ps 42:1-2 - As the deer pants for brooks of water, so my soul pants for Thee, O God. My soul thirsts for the living God. When shall I come before Him? Ps 63:1 - O God, You are my God. I will seek You earnestly. My soul thirsts for You, my flesh yearns for You, as in a dry and weary land where there is no water. 1Jn 1:3 - What we have seen and heard we tell you, that you may have fellowship with us; and indeed, our fellowship is with the Father, and His Son Jesus Christ.) Even when no opportunity is found to 'get alone and pray,' we can pray in the recesses of our hearts anywhere.
12:13
We must consider our goods as held in common by all the saints. (Ac 2:44 - All who believed were together, and had all things in common.) We should share liberally of our goods, as they come from God. (Gal 6:6 - Let the one taught the word share all his good things with the teacher. Ro 15:27 - If the Gentiles have shared in the spiritual things of the Jews, they are indebted to the Jews to minister to them from their material things. Php 4:15 - You know that when I departed from Macedonia, no other church but your shared with me in giving and receiving. 1Ti 6:18 - Do good. Be rich in good works; generous, and ready to share.) This call to share applies especially to the family of faith, but extends also to the world at large. (Gal 6:10 - While we may, let us do good to all men, especially to the family of faith. Mt 5:43-44 - You have been taught to love your neighbor, and hate your enemy. But I tell you to love your enemies, and pray for your persecutors. Ti 3:8b - Those who have believed God should take care to engage in good deeds, for this is good and profitable for men. Heb 13:16 - Do not neglect sharing and doing good, for these are sacrifices pleasing to God.) As our Christian brothers are a family to us, they are a priority for our care. (Mt 25:40 - In so much as you were kind to the least of these brothers of Mine, you were so unto Me. Mk 9:41 - Whoever gives you water to drink because you follow Christ, he shall not lose his reward. Mt 26:11 - The poor you will always have, but you do not always have Me.) The world is reluctant to aid God's friends. Therefore, it is all the more important that the friends of God care for each other. Given the time of this letter, with Claudius on the throne, and famine in Judea, this particular admonition was of particular importance. (Ro 15:25-26 - Now, I go to Jerusalem to serve the saints, for Macedonia and Achaia have been so kind as to contribute for the poor saints there. Ac 19:21 - When this was finished, Paul was determined in his spirit to go to Jerusalem after he had been to Macedonia and Achaia, thinking to go to Rome thereafter. 2Co 8:1-7 - We want you to know of the grace God has given to the churches of Macedonia, who gave with overflowing abundance in spite of great affliction and poverty. Of their own will, they gave not only according to their ability, but well beyond their ability, begging with us to be allowed a part in the support of the saints, giving themselves to the Lord, and to us by God's will. So we urged Titus to complete this gracious work in you as well. Just as you abound in faith, and words, and knowledge, and earnest love, see that you abound in this gracious work as well. 2Co 9:2-4 - I know your readiness. Indeed, I boasted of you to the Macedonians, noting that you had been prepared since last year, and this zeal of yours stirred them up as well. But I have sent my brothers, so that our boasting may not be empty, that you will indeed be prepared when I come. I would not want any Macedonian who might accompany to find you unprepared, and my confidence in you put to shame. Ps 41:1-3 - Blessed is he who remembers the helpless. The LORD will deliver him in troubled times. He will protect him, and keep him alive to be called blessed upon the earth. He shall not be given to his enemies' desires. The LORD will sustain him when he is sick, for in his illness You restore health. Pr 14:21 - He who despises his neighbor sins. Happy is the one who is gracious to the poor.) Be ever prepared to cheerfully accommodate strangers. (Heb 13:2 - Don't neglect to be hospitable to strangers, for some have thus unknowingly entertained angels. 1Pe 4:9 - Be hospitable without complaint. 1Ti 3:2 - An overseer must be above reproach, with only one wife, temperate, wise, respectable, hospitable, and able to teach. Ti 1:8 - Be hospitable, love what is good, be sensible, just, devout, and self-controlled. Mt 10:40 - He who receives you receives Me, and he who receives Me receives Him who sent Me. Mt 10:42 - Whoever in the name of a disciple gives a cup of water to one of these little ones will not lose his reward. Mt 25:43 - I was a stranger, and you did not welcome me. I was naked and you offered no clothing. I was sick, and in prison, and you did not visit. Job 31:16-17 - I have not blocked the poor from their desire, nor caused a widow trouble, nor have I eaten alone without sharing with an orphan. Lk 10:7 - Stay in that house. Eat and drink what they give you, for the laborer is worthy of his wages. Don't keep wandering from house to house. 2Jn 10 - If anyone comes that does not teach this teaching, don't receive him in your house. Don't' even greet such a one.) These habits of hospitality persist in the oriental nations to this day, and were notorious in the early church. This should be expected even moreso for treatment of traveling ministers, who tend to be poor and unsalaried. (Mt 10:11-13 - In whatever town you come to, ask for one who is worthy, and remain with them until you depart. Greet them as you enter the house. If that house is worthy, greet them with peace, but if is unworthy, keep your peace with you.) This remains an obligation for Christ's people. It continues to display Christian love, to unite society, and create bonds of affection.
12:14
(Mt 5:44 - Love your enemies, and pray for your persecutors. Lk 6:28 - Bless those who curse you, and pray for those who mistreat you.) We mustn't be provoked to anger or cursing by any amount of persecution or abuse. A curse implies devoting its object to destruction, and following through upon that destruction inasmuch as it is possible. (Mk 11:21 - Peter noted that the tree Jesus had cursed had indeed withered. Mt 25:41 - To those on His left, He will say, "Depart, accursed ones, into those eternal fires prepared for the devil and his angels.) Where one is not empowered to follow through on that destruction, the curse implies a call to God to aid in that destruction. This, we are strictly enjoined against.
12:15
As the church is united as one, our interests joined, we ought to share with each other with sympathy in both joys and sorrows. (1Co 12:26 - If one suffers, all suffer with it. If one is honored, all rejoice with it.) Thus, is happiness multiplied in the sharing. Christ modeled this sympathetic sharing with others at the tomb of Lazarus. As joy is multiplied in sharing, so sorrows are divided in sharing. That this duty of sharing sorrows is ours, we can see from the fact that Christ Himself set the example. As family, we cannot but share this load, and are more than familiar with those sorrows from our own trials and afflictions. We cannot expect sympathy from the world. We must, therefore, ensure that sympathy can be found in the family of God.
 
 
 

Wycliffe (4/17/02)

12:3
We mustn't be prideful, but ought rather to do a self evaluation by the test of God's word, and by faith. This is not saving faith that we are to test against. To do that would be the height of pride. No, it is the faithfulness we display in doing as God has said to do. In seeing the true degree of our faithfulness to God lies humility and cause to pray that our faith might increase. (Lk 17:5 - The apostles asked the Lord to increase their faith.) This is the measure of faith that Hebrews discusses when it speaks of the heroes of faith in Chapter 11.
12:4-12:5
The Church universal is made up of individual believers, but is yet a single body. (1Co 10:17 - As there is one bread, we, though many, are one body, for we all partake of that one bread. 1Co 12:12-13 - As the body is one, though made of many members, and as all the members, as many as they are, make only one body, so also is Christ. By one Spirit we all were baptized into this one body - Jews, Greeks, slaves, freemen - all of us were made to drink of one Spirit. 1Co 12:27-28 - You are Christ's body, individually members of it. And God has appointed gifts in the church: apostles, prophets, teachers, miracles, gifts of healings, helps, and administrations, and tongues. Eph 1:22-23 - God put all things in subjection under Christ's feet, and gave Him as head over all things to the church which is His body, the fullness of Him who fills all in all. Eph 2:15b-16 - In Himself, He has made the two into one new man, establishing peace, that He might reconcile them to God through the cross as one body, by having put enmity to death. Eph 4:3-6 - Be diligent to preserve the unity of the Spirit in peace. There is one body and one Spirit, just as your calling was of one hope. There is one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, over all, through all, and in all. Eph 4:11-13 - He gave apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers to equip all the saints for work, so as to build up the body of Christ, until we all reach the unity of faith, and of knowledge of the Son of God, so as to be mature men, filling the stature which belongs to the fullness of Christ. Eph 4:15-16 - Speaking the truth in love, we grow up in all ways into the head, Christ, from whom the body, held together and working well by what each joint provides depends. He causes the growth of the body so that it will build itself up in love. Eph 5:22-30 - Wives be subject to your husbands, as though to the Lord. The husband is head of the wife a Christ is head of the church, being the Savior of the body. As the church is subject to Christ, so ought the wife be to her husband in all things. Husbands, love your wives in the same way Christ loved the church, giving Himself up for her, so that He might sanctify her with washing of water and word, so as to present Himself the church in full glory, free of every blemish, holy and blameless. This love you ought to have for your wife, treating here as though she were your own body, for truly in loving your wife, you love yourself. No man ever hated his own flesh, but takes good care of it, just as Christ takes care of the church, because we are His body. Col 1:17-18 - He is before all, and in Him all things hold together. He is the head of the church which is His body. He is the beginning, being the first-born from the dead. Because of this, He has first place in all things. Col 1:24-25 - I rejoice in suffering for you, doing what I can on behalf of His body (the church) filling any lack in His afflictions. I was made a minister of this church by God's stewardship for your benefit, so as to fully carry out the preaching of His word. Col 3:3 - You have died, and your life is hidden with Christ in God.) Since we all have our life from Christ, we all belong to each other. (1Co 12:27 - You are Christ's body, individually being members of it.)
12:6
God's grace shows up in different gifts in different believers. Prophecy is to be kept within the bounds of the faith, within the bounds of belief and doctrine. It is intended to be a tool for exhortation, encouragement, and comfort, (1Co 14:3), but in doing so, must remain true to the revealed truth of God.
12:7-12:8
This verse may be applied generally to all who serve (or minister), or specifically to the office of deacon. The point being made is that these gifts were given not as decorations for the believer, but to be used. So, the one who has the gift ought to employ it to the benefit of the body. This applies to minister, teacher, and exhorter. Whatever the gift, employ it to serve Him. Giving and acts of mercy are to be done liberally and cheerfully. Seven gifts are noted in this passage: prophet, deacon, teacher, exhorter / encourager, giver, aid-provider, and giver of mercy. Each is a unique talent for a unique purpose.
12:9
The list of commands from here to v15 requires meditation, so that it may have it's full impact on us. We are to be constantly attached to good, constantly hating evil.
12:10
We are to be devoted to each other, outdoing each other in showing respect.
12:11
We are not to be slackers, but should be boiling over with the Spirit, as we serve the Lord continually.
12:12
We are to rejoice in the hope that is ours in Christ, and thus to endure all affliction, being ever in prayer.
12:13
We are to provide for our fellow believers, and seek opportunities to show hospitality.
12:14
We are to bless our enemies, and no longer curse them.
12:15
We are to commiserate with both the joys and the sorrows of our fellows. "To feel genuine joy for another's success is a mark of true spiritual maturity."
 
 
 

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown (4/17/02-4/18/02)

12:3
What is delivered here is delivered on divine authority, within the bounds of the apostolic office. There must be no undue elevating of self. Faith is the source of all the other graces, the receptor of the renewed soul. Thus, God equips us by faith to receive and use such gifts and graces as He determines for our particular use.
12:4-12:5
Diversity in unity is the rule of the body of Christ, all members serving one body.
12:6
Every gift the believer has is but an expression of God's grace towards them. Prophecy is inspired teaching. (Ac 15:32 - Judas and Silas, being prophets, encouraged and strengthened the brothers with a long message. Ex 7:1 - The LORD told Moses, "I will make you like God to Pharaoh, and Aaron will be your prophet.") Whether speaking of past, present, or future, as the speech is by divine authority, the speaker is termed a prophet. Such as speak in this manner must remain within the bounds of their true capacity, not becoming proud, and allowing their words to exceed their authority.
12:7
In whatever service we are called to render, we ought to be diligently occupied in doing it. (Ac 6:1-4 - As the disciples became more numerous, complaints came from the Hellenistic Jews against the Hebrews, because their widows were being overlooked at meal times. So the twelve gathered the disciples, telling them that it would be inappropriate for the apostles to be distracted from the word of God by serving tables. So, they told the disciples to choose seven reputable, Spirit-filled men to take charge of that task, while they would remain devoted to prayer and ministry of the word.) Here, it is the ministering of temporal matters that is in sight, as an adjunct to the offices of prophet, teacher, and exhorter. Teachers are explicitly kept separate from prophets, and relegated to a lower position by Scripture. (Ac 13:1a - At Antioch there were prophets and teachers. 1Co 12:28-29 - God has appointed first apostles, second prophets, and third teachers. Then, there are miracles, gifts of healings, helps, administrations, and tongues. Not all are apostles, nor are all prophets, nor teachers, nor miracle workers.) The task of the teacher was to show the 'evangelical bearings of Old Testament Scripture.'
12:8
All preaching was followed by exhortation. (Ac 11:23 - When he had witnessed the grace of God, he rejoiced, and encouraged them all to remain resolute in turning their hearts to the Lord. Ac 14:22 - He strengthened the disciples' souls, and encouraged their faith, saying, "We must enter the kingdom of God through many tribulations." Ac 15:32 - Judas and Silas, encouraged and strengthened the brethren with a long message.) The one who gives, in this case, is probably the private individual, as opposed to the duty of the deacon. Such a giver is to be generous in giving. (2Co 8:2 - In a great trial of affliction, their abundant joy and deep poverty overflowed with liberality of giving. 2Co 9:11 - You will be enriched in all things, so as to give liberally of all things. Thus is thanksgiving to God produced.) The ruler, whether over Church or home, is to be earnest in pursuing his duty. (1Ti 3:4-5 - A deacon must manage his own house well, his children controlled and dignified, for if he cannot manage his own house, how will he care for God's church?) The one who provides mercy services must do so from a heart that believes it more blessed to give than to receive, to help than to be helped.
12:9
Love must not be faked. (2Co 6:6 - [The Christian is commended] in purity, knowledge, patience, kindness, the Holy Spirit, and genuine love. 1Pe 2:22 - He committed no sin, and no deceit was found in His mouth. 1Jn 3:18 - Let us love not with word, but in deed and truth.) The next command is to far more than abstaining from sin, and practicing good. The call is to absolutely hate evil, and to hold fast and hard to the good.
12:10
We are to take the lead, to give example, of honoring others rather than ourselves. Only those truly constrained by the love of Christ can live this out consistently.
12:11
Having dealt with official duties, and the general duties of the Christian, Paul now comes to a list of personal duties, character issues. We are to be active; men of purpose. (Ac 18:25 - Apollos had been taught of the Lord, and as his spirit was fervent, he was teaching concerning Jesus quite accurately, though he had only known of John's baptism. Mt 24:12 - Because of increased lawlessness, love will grow cold in most people. Rev 2:4 - This I have against you: you have left your first love Rev 3:15-16 - Your deeds are neither hot nor cold. I wish they were one or the other, but as you are lukewarm, I will spit you out.) Zeal for God's house consumed Christ. As such, he cannot tolerate a lukewarm spirit. (Eph 6:5-8 - Be obedient to your masters with all fear and trembling, and with a sincere heart, as if you served Christ. Don't be men-pleasers, only serving well to be noticed, but being slaves of Christ, do the will of God from the heart. Give your service with good will, doing it unto the Lord, rather than men, knowing that whatever good you do, you will have back from the Lord, whether you are a slave or a freeman.) While there is some room to read the end of this verse as 'serving the time,' the overwhelming evidence of both texts and context indicates that the proper understanding is 'serving the Lord.' Paul's point here is not to draw us back the most basic principle of serving God, but to qualify the preceding two clauses, indicating what is to be the object of our diligence and fervency. (Eph 5:16 - Make the most of your time in these evil days.) We may avail ourselves of such opportunities as come our way, but we are never to serve them.
12:12
Rejoicing, perseverance, and prayer are exercises that support each other. Since our hope is assured, we should always find cause to rejoice. That rejoicing gives us the strength needed to persevere in trials. Prayer strengthens us with the faith needed to maintain hope. In the end, all depends on our perseverance in prayer.
12:13
We are now returned to looking at duties specific to particular gifts or offices. Before there were public houses, and when persecution was strong against the church, there was particular need for Christians to provide hospitality for each other.
12:14
In telling us to both wish for and pray for blessings on our enemies, Paul echoes the Sermon on the Mount, which is the source of Christian morality.
12:15
Here we see the sympathetic spirit that is one of the greater parts of Christian character. It is easier to be sympathetic with the mourner, for we feel needed there. But this just makes the ability to rejoice when others are blessed the more noble.
 
 
 

New Thoughts (4/19/02-4/24/02)

Let love be without hypocrisy; without artifice. In your love of others, be as one inexperienced in the art of acting, know yourself incapable of putting on pretenses, and so, love in earnest. And lest you think this is to apply only where you feel love, consider again the Lord's words to you. (Jn 15:17 - "I command that you love one another.") This is unqualified. There's no if clause attached to this, nor is it a request that we can choose to accept or reject as we will. It is a command from our declared Master. Love each other. Period.

I have heard many a Christian try and minimize this with thoughts along the lines of "I love you, I just don't like you." This doesn't fly. Sorry. Look once more at the degrees of love we are summoned to here: There is brotherly love, there is the devotion known between mother and child. Note that I keep that mother and child, for the bonds there are more tender than that of father and child, the involvement has been more personal. This same love, we are commanded to have towards each other, in fact a stronger love is called for, the agape love which we have learned of from God Himself.

God has set us the example of the love he expects us to show (and to show only because it is our true feeling). His love for us, the most unlovable of creatures, was so great that even when we ignored Him, abused Him, broke every rule He gave us, and reviled those He sent to speak with us; even then, He was willing to give up His own Son to pain and suffering beyond our imagining so that we might be made lovable once more. Notice that He did not start loving us after He made us lovable, He made us lovable because He loved us already.

Who else could have any credibility in telling us to love our enemies? Again, our Master has led the way by example. He came to us, His enemies, to make us lovable, to reconcile us, to give us life when we had so long pursued death. And what was our reaction? We sought His death instead. And still, He loved us, still He sought our good, still He prayed for our forgiveness. Love your enemies, He has told us. Pray for their good. Not pray against them. Not pray that they might be removed as a thorn in our side. No. Pray for their good. Desire that they may live long and prosper. Pray that they might come into the light as we ourselves were brought into the light. There is no room for revenge in the Christian life. There is not even room for wishes of revenge, for thoughts of revenge.

Indeed, but for the Holy Spirit, this command remains as impossible as any given to man. It is another measure of character that we cannot hope to meet. "If they shall not work, neither shall they eat." Consider that Scripture in light of love, and yet another truth comes out of it. There is great cause to love in this fashion, for if we shall not love, neither shall we know love. It takes work to love in this way. It takes incredible amounts of effort to love our spouses. It takes effort seemingly beyond the call of duty to love all our brothers and sisters. Face it. The Church as a whole is made up of some of the most unlovable folks we'll ever meet. Most of our co-workers, if we are honest about it, seem more lovable to us than any number of our fellow parishioners. Yet, we are commanded to love them all, unconditionally and without pretense. This, we must work at. This, we ought to feel compelled to work at, for it is that same love, shown by our God, and by others, that has brought us into the fellowship of Christ. If we will not work at knowing and showing that love, what right do we have to expect that we shall continue enjoying such a love from our fellows?

What makes it so exceedingly difficult to love is our own pride. Yes, there may be those that have such an issue loving even themselves that all pride appears dead in them. But the rule for man is that pride will come, and in its coming, we find our ability to love our brothers as we should poisoned and dead. As I noted in previous comments, God has given us tools and weapons powerful to the tearing down of strongholds. He has empowered us to tear down the pride that has built up within us. He has empowered us to overcome envy, and anger, and the desire for vengeance, which are no more than colorations of that same pride. What is envy, but the feeling that we deserve better? What is anger, but the reaction of wounded pride? What is vengeance, other than pride declaring that it has a right to recompense for some perceived wrong? How can we think to overcome the enemy without, when we allow these enemies to remain in our own camp?

The example that Matthew Henry gives us regarding Moses is most apt. Here was a man in whom God had concentrated a great deal of His grace, a man given the wherewithal to overcome Pharaoh and the army of Egypt, a man given charge over a newly born nation, a man given the wisdom to sort out every disagreement any individuals in that nation might have. Here indeed was great wisdom, and we know wisdom is good. After all, God is all-wise, and He is all-good. The potential for trouble lies not in having wisdom, but in thinking ourselves wise. The wisest of men knows his wisdom is yet nothing. Returning to our example, though, Moses had been with God. Returning to face the people, his face was seen to shine with the glow of God's glory upon him. Yet, he could not see this in himself, he was not allowed to see the glow on his own face, and marvel at how wonderful he must have been to be so blessed. No. He knew where his wisdom was found, and left no room for pride.

Many in his camp did allow room for pride. They were unwilling that God's gifts should be parceled out as they were. In the insanity of pride, they felt that they each should have as much 'right' to all of God's gifts as those who had them. In this, they were correct after a fashion, for no man has a right to any of God's gifts. They are His to give to whom He will. But pride cannot help but think that we deserve these gifts, we are worthy of them. In this is the height of insanity! Have we so quickly forgotten how utterly unworthy we are to receive even such gifts as He has already given us?

What in us can be found worthy of the breath He continues to breathe into us each day? What in us is worthy of the fact that He continues to provide us with the means of shelter and food? What in us is worthy of the salvation He so freely gave? What can we offer to suggest that He shouldn't take these gifts back most immediately?

Lord, I know I am as guilty as the next man in this regard. Even as I have been writing these last paragraphs, there has been that piece of me that remains in rebellion against the command to love. There are those I just do not make the attempt to love. There is envy in my soul. There is pride in every form, and I seem incapable of removing the disease. I am incapable of removing the disease. You, O God, You are my only hope. No other can help. No other can remove that poison of pride from me. No other can empower me to love as You require. Yet, My Lord, You require that I be diligent in pursuing this. You require that I not lay back and await Your answer, but that I work. You require that I work to eradicate this pride, as You give me the tools and the wisdom to combat it. You require that I work to build up in my spirit the love that is in Your Spirit. You require that I learn how to love the unlovely. It should be easy, given that I love myself so, but it remains hard. You know. You know who I am. You know my every weakness. You have witnessed my every failure. I am thankful that You have also witnessed my every victory. I pray, oh God, that You would so work in me that there would be far more victories, and far less failures for You to witness in the days that remain. Just one day, my God, I would be pleased to make it through. Just one day, that I have loved as You love, that I have walked humbly with You from sunrise to sunset. That would be enough for a start. Empower me, Lord.

Pride is the great poison that kills our love for each other, and it is a wily opponent, ever changing its tactics to keep from detection. What then can we do to combat this? The answer lies in looking not at what works we have done, but turning our attention on the question of how fully and completely we have been faithful to God. When we consider God's commands, and we consider our inability to follow them for so much as one day, how can it not drive us to our knees in prayer? How can we find anything in ourselves on which to base our pride when we see that the best of our own righteousness is still no more than filthy rags when held up to the standard of God's righteousness?

Pride must bow itself under the knowledge that it is God's grace alone that has appointed gifts to men. That same grace has qualified the recipient for the use of the gift given. That same grace has given those men the inclination and the will to use the gift given them, and it is but that grace that has set them to doing that which the gift was given for. Pride thinks it ought to have a gift. Humility recognizes that God knows precisely what gift is right for us, as He knows precisely who is right for that gift pride thought it should have.

When pride seeks its claim to a gift, one argument, whether stated or not, is that all men are created equal. This is one of the founding claims of this country. It is the basis by which the Continental Congress claimed its 'rights.' Yet, man was never created equal. There has been no time in history when all men were created equal. Each man was given the unique set of endowments that God had in store for him. We have seen throughout this study that there are any number of things we do share in common. We share our fallen nature. We share our tendency toward sin. We share our need for redemption, and we share the solitary means of that redemption. We even share our tendency to seek out any other way to be redeemed than the One who is given us.

Whereas the equality of all men is the stated basis of democracy, the rule in the body of Christ is 'diversity in unity.' A great noise is made in America today about respecting and preserving diversity. Yet, the idea that is promulgated under this banner is that we must not hold any diverse opinions of our own. The 'respect' they ask that we show is to essentially have no thought, no opinion, no belief. Christ shows us the real way of preserving diversity, of honoring the diversity that He has bestowed upon us. At the very root if this way lies the understanding that what each of us has been given, we have been given to use in the service of all. There's something the world will never quite get. As we recognize that the gifts are His, the giving of them is His, and the direction for their use by us is His, we learn our proper place. Our place is to use what He has given us strictly as His will declares. It is His to determine when we use what He has given us. It is for Him to determine where we use what He has given us. It is for Him to determine how we use what He has given us, and to what end. It is for us to "employ them in the purpose for which God gave them; AND FOR NO OTHER," as Mr. Barnes puts it.

We have presented ourselves to God as living sacrifices. Having done so, it must certainly be our task, our only task, to serve Him to whom we have given ourselves. As the slave of old, who was marked as a permanent slave, if he so chose to serve his master, we have been marked. We are perpetual servants in the house of our Lord. Can we not see, then, that for us, to refuse to labor is as great a sin as it is to disobey Him by failing to keep His commands? Hear the lesson of the parable of the talents. Hear the proverbs of wisdom that He has recorded for us. Hear the words of his servants throughout time. (2Th 3:10 - When we were with you, we gave you this order: if one will not work, neither shall he eat.) If you will not work in My vineyard, neither shall you receive the harvester's reward. If you will not use the tools I have given you for the work I have entrusted to you, you will surely not enter into My house to rest.

Pride will always goad us to seek after things that are not ours, after talents that are not ours, after works that our not ours to do. Sloth will always goad us to seek after excuses not to do that which God has prepared us to do by giving us such talents as He has given. Paul was unwilling to exceed the bounds of the task God had given him (2Co 10:13). At the same time, he was always about doing the work he had been given. This is the example for us. God has prepared us in advance for specific good works. God has prepared those good works to be presented to us for the doing. There is no mismatch. We may choose to believe that the work presented to us is the wrong one, that we are ill-equipped for the task. Isn't that the reaction Moses had when God first presented the task of rescuing Israel? Isn't that the reaction we have entirely too often ourselves? Yet, Moses proved to be precisely the right man not only to rescue Israel, but to lead them through the desert, and to plead for them in their times of disobedience.

What is that opportunity that He has put before you? Does it seem beyond your ability? Does it seem impossible, or like there are any number of others that are better fit to accomplish it? All these things may be true in some degree. Most good things, if not all, are beyond our ability, but they are not beyond what He has empowered us to do, if they are the things we have been called to do. We may be called to impossible tasks. Again, Moses stands as an example. That's why He must give us faith to comply. It is impossible to obey Him without faith, just as it is impossible to have faith in Him without obedience. It requires faith to accept that He has prepared us. It requires faith to recognize that He will accompany us throughout, that He goes before us to prepare. It requires faith to know, to KNOW that He never gives us more than we can handle, it's just that our self-assessment tends to be conservative.

Father God, I know there are many things that seem overwhelming to me of late. It just seems to be so much to have to care for this family, to be their first line of defense in things spiritual. It seems so much to carry this role of leadership in the office at the same time. It seems so much to add to that the time and effort that worship service has required of late, especially with the trials that our team has been going through in these times of change. It seems so much to add to that these times of study and prayer, and to apply that gift You have blessed me with to times for teaching. Lord, I would have considered none of these things to be possible on their own, but for You. Now, when they are all combined, I pray that You would continue to provide the wisdom and insight, the strength and perseverance that are required to continue in all that You have for me to do. Don't allow me to grow weary of it, my Lord. And, if there be any of these activities whose time has passed for me, make me to know it, and to gracefully bow out. But so long as You desire me to be at these various works, my God, may You find me faithful to continue in them, to continue doing them for Your glory and for no other reason than that You have called upon me to do it. My trust is in You, oh God. Help me to remember that. My trust is in You; not in my strength, for I am all weakness; not in my talents, for I can do nothing without You; not in my goodness, for there is no goodness in me but that which is from You.

There are some admonitions for the teacher in here that I really need to learn how to handle. For a little over a year now, I've been teaching a home group once a week. While it does take time to prepare something to teach, and to work it into something presentable, this is not the hard part. Nor is the matter of speaking before a group overly challenging. It is the matter that Mr. Henry brought out that proves most difficult for me, not only in teaching from the Bible, but in other areas as well. It is the matter of proportioning the lesson to the student. This, at least for me, is incredibly difficult to do. Researching the lesson, organizing the material; these are simple enough, but bringing the subject matter out in such a way that those listening can best grab hold of the thought… Therein is an art that I have yet to master.

Another ever present temptation in teaching is that of coming to Scripture with the answer already in hand, and then bending what is there to fit the answer. This, we must never do. The teacher who thinks himself wiser than the Word must be shunned by the student. This is clear. However, there are many snares and traps that can cause the teacher to become like this without clearly intending to deceive. How easy it is to fall into this manner of preparing the lesson by first deciding what point you wish to make, and then hunting out scriptural support for your point. How easy it is, when this is one's habit, to completely miss the point that is actually there. How easily we can slip into selectively ignoring whole chunks of God's word because they don't line up with our preconceived answers.

If we would come to the Scriptures for a lesson, we must come to them not as having the answer, but as seeking the answer. No prophecy is a matter of personal interpretation. That is the warning of Scripture in this regard. There is a singular meaning to what is written. It cannot mean one thing to you and another to me. It means what God means it to mean. So, too, with prophecy, whether we consider that to be no more than teaching by another name, or a more inspired, more direct connection to God's thoughts. However it is viewed, the warning is again clear: line it up. Test what you are hearing. How? By comparison with Scripture.

We are a people ruled by Scripture. We can have no other standard. There is no other standard. God has chosen this as the means by which His pure Word is transmitted through the ages. He has gone to great lengths to make certain that this Word of His survived any number of attempts to wipe it out. In the church today, we have largely let go of this standard. I find a people entirely too willing to blindly 'amen' whatever any preacher says from the pulpit. I have watched folks give the amen to two speakers on two consecutive weeks who spoke absolutely contradictory messages! Where is the rule of Scripture in that? Where is the testing of the spoken word to find and hold to that which is true? Where are the Bereans?

Be aware that this is not a call to high skepticism. No! When the Bereans tested the message, it was in hope; it was to make certain that the good things they heard were real. This should be our typical approach. Granted, there will be things said that are so clearly non-Scriptural as to require us to question the validity of whatever else may be said from that source, but the rule is to be this hopeful testing. Hold to the good. Cling to it. Shun the evil. Hate it vehemently! What better application that to the teaching we receive?

How should we react to one whose message has been found false? This is a hard thing. Every man is capable of mistake, indeed, we could argue that every man is incapable of perfection. Thus, the Christ. I think we must allow some slack to the preacher, if not the prophet. With the prophet, we are given clear instruction. If a man claims to speak God's words, and his words are found false, the man is to be stoned. Would that we could so purify some 'ministries' today! With a preacher or teacher, though, we may perhaps allow for correction. For such a one, I would say, pray. And accompany that prayer with earnest discussion, if the teacher is open to such. God is a god of truth. He desires for the truth to be known. Where there has been honest mistake, will He not provide for honest correction? Should we not show the same mercy He has shown us? It would seem we ought to.

Isn't it interesting that this Gospel of hope, this good news from God, is forever pointing out that troubles will come, that sufferings will come! Sound's pretty wonderful doesn't it? Can you imagine going to your neighbor's house, and opening your conversation with something like, "Hey! Got great news for you! You're going to find yourself amidst such crushing sorrows that you'll question how long you can continue!" Can't you just see the looks of joy coming to their faces at this wonderful greeting? Of course, we know the news continues. "But, through all of these sorrows that are coming your way, there is One who will be standing with you, giving you strength to continue, giving you hope when all seems hopeless. There is One whose love for you is so great, that even in the midst of all this, just knowing His love for you will give you reason to rejoice!"

This question of suffering always bothers us. Why, God? Things were going fine, and then You came into our lives, and all the sudden, everything seems to be problems. The things I used to like doing just aren't any fun anymore. The things I took for granted, I now want to stop, and find I can't. It seems that every day, I just embarrass myself with my inability to change. And, as if all this isn't enough, I find that my friends don't like me any more, because they say I've changed. I find I have to stand up for thing that most people either don't care about, or are vehemently opposed to, and their anger towards me is so palpable! I find myself the target of people that want to wipe the knowledge of You from the earth? Why, God? Why am I punished for trying to do right?

This is the way it feels to us, at least to the degree that we are truly following after our Lord. But, we are forewarned. We were told that this would happen, whether or not we heard or heeded the warning. God has also told us why, and the answer is twofold. First, we must remember that the punishment is not punishment. It does not come from our Father, it comes from a world that hates Him, that hates our Lord. Because the world hates Him, it hates everything that reminds it of Him, and that has come to include us. We cannot expect better treatment than our Master. But God doesn't stop with explaining that He didn't do it. He couldn't, because we know that He is the one truly in control. We know that even the 'bad' things come only as He allows it. So, even knowing that this trouble is coming at the hands of those in the world, we come back asking, 'so why do You allow this?' And, of course, He has already given us the answer.

He gave us the answer even as He gave us the warning. Hebrews 10:32 gave us the warning - after enlightenment will come great sufferings. It's not even going to be a one-time event. The sufferings will be manifold. But in Hebrews 10:36 God tells us why this must be. It must be, because we need the endurance that only such sufferings can produce in order to do the will of God. You may not have noticed, but His will is difficult for such as you and I. It takes an incredible amount of effort to keep on that narrow road He points us to. It takes an incredible amount of strength to keep our feet from moving us out ahead of Him. It takes great energy to keep our feet from stopping, such that we fall behind. We need endurance. Endurance is a good and perfect gift. God is kind in providing this gift for us by the only means that will ensure that we gain the gift, by sufferings. Hard as it is to consider suffering a good thing, it is producing a great result in you, it is giving you exactly what you need to endure, to reach the goal, to finish the race laid out before you.

With this in view, knowing that God is working something good in us with our trials, we are able to come to a place of rejoicing. Whatever may come our way, we can rejoice in the knowledge that God is still at work in our lives. Whether it be trial or obvious blessing, we have cause to rejoice. Admittedly, it is hard for us to work up a spirit of rejoicing when the trial is upon us, but Paul is giving us the key to that problem, if we will but take it. Pray. Pray unceasingly. Prayer reminds the soul of its reasons to rejoice. Prayer strengthens the soul to hold fast in the storms of trial. It is that soul-strengthening power that will help us persevere, and having persevered, we will find ourselves with all the more cause to rejoice. We will have further experiential proof that God is indeed in control, and working for our good.

Consider this God we serve. We are reminded that He has shared in our daily existence, He has known both the joys and the sorrows of this life we live. Consider the testimony on His behalf. Ps 35:27 tells us how greatly He delights in our prospering. This, it says should have us shouting and rejoicing continually, giving glory to the Lord. Isa 63:9 reminds us that He has also shared in all of our afflictions. He has done more than shared our pain. Our pain has in itself hurt Him. But He hasn't stood by waiting to see what may come of it. No. He is present in our afflictions, and His presence saves us. He redeems us from our afflictions, and carries us away from our place of torment. What an awesome God! His loving concern for us is overwhelming in its completeness. He does not glower down upon us and tell us how much we deserve what's come upon us. He offers mercy in our times of hurt. He comes with loving concern upon His face, and comes to our aid.

We must take our queue from Him, when it is our turn to aid and comfort the suffering. We cannot be of use to them if our faces are tied in knots of anger or annoyance. This is not mercy, it is a compounding of their troubles.

Indeed, the world we live in is difficult. The way in which God calls us to live amidst this world is even more difficult. It is, to our meager abilities impossible. If we attempt it, we will fail just as miserably as the Pharisees before us. Mr. Barnes tells us that there is one way, and only one way that we can stand up to these challenges. We must 'live near to God.' Apart from Him, apart from His abiding Spirit, there simply is no way that we can bear up under the challenges. How do we do this? How do we live near to Him? Again, Paul has answered the question for us. Pray unceasingly. Pray for the light of the Spirit in our hearts and minds. Pray for the power of the Spirit in our thoughts and actions. For it is only by the influx of God in our lives that we can do as He has asked: hate evil, do good, love our brothers, hold fast to our hope, and bear our trials rejoicing.

In the end, these are the things that will determine the quality of our character, for these are the things that display our attachment to God. As it is only by continued closeness to Him that we can comply with the requirements of Christian living, what success we have in living this Christian life will come only by that closeness. In our weekly home group sessions, we've been looking at the Ten Commandments, coming to grips once more with their application to our present day, once more digging in to find the spiritual matter.

Last night, we pursued the first and greatest commandment; to love God, and have no other. In preparation for that lesson, this material came to mind once more. Truly, it seems to me that Paul is laying out a portion of the spiritual significance of the Law for us in this passage. What does it mean to love God wholeheartedly? It means being a living sacrifice for Him. It means that we are doing all that is in our power to remain close to Him, so that we can rejoice and give thanks continually to Him, so that we can be a living example of what God is like.

God, I cringe to think how poorly I reflect Your character on an average day. When I declare myself Your child, does it bring you glory, or do I simply make people wonder what kind of God would have me? I know. In large part, we all ought to wonder what kind of God would have us. But, in claiming us as Your own, You have called us to a higher level, You have promised the strength and the power to attain to that higher level. You have been patient beyond measure with us when we refuse to lay hold of what You have provided us. Forgive me, my God, for my timidity. Bring boldness, oh Lord, to live as You have required, to trust in You as I ought, to overcome as I ought, with You on my side. You have brought the victory. You have prepared the way before me. And yet, I find myself wandering weak and aimless. Open my eyes, Holy Spirit, that I may see the path laid before me, and walk it. Guide me, my Shepherd, for like a sheep, I have wandered dumbly astray.