1. VIII. Jew and Gentile: Unity of Destiny (9:25-11:36)
    1. H. God Can Restore (11:22-11:24)

Calvin (3/5/02)

11:22
Footnote: The word 'goodness' in the Greek has several shades of meaning, most literally indicating usefulness or benefit. Other occurrences: 2Co 6:6 - [we commend ourselves in sufferings,] in purity, knowledge, patience, kindness, the Holy Spirit, and genuine love. Eph 2:7 - [He raised up Christ] in order that in the coming age He might show the abounding riches of His grace in kindness toward us. Col 3:12 - Beloved, as those chosen by God, have a heart of compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness and patience. Tit 3:4-5 - When the kindness of God our Savior and His love for mankind appeared, He saved us not for our righteous deeds, but for His mercy, regenerating and renewing us by the Holy Spirit. Gal 5:22 - The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. Ro 3:12 - All have turned aside and become useless. There is not even one who does good.) 'Severity' is the cutting off or amputation of a dead limb. (2Co 13:10 - I write these concerns while absent so that I need not be severe when with you. What I say is in accord with the authority the Lord has given me. It is to build you up, and not to tear you down. Tit 1:13 - What is said of the Cretins is true, so reprove them severely, in order that their faith may be sound.) The Jewish case is a warning for us. If we exult over their fall, we will join them in it. It is not enough to have once accepted God's favor. It is only as we continue in His mercy throughout our lives that we are saved. If we come to hate His kingdom, we will have earned the blindness that would then come upon us. Again, we must remind ourselves that Paul is addressing two peoples as a whole, not individuals. Although each individual is cut off as his unbelief deserves, or saved as God has determined, it is the nations that are considered. We are both assured of the security of His covenants, and warned against pride in our current condition. All cause for pride should be gone from us. It is because of this national nature of the discussion that the conditional is added regarding the need to continue in His mercy. To suggest such a condition for the individual would indicate that works remained an integral part of salvation, but our perseverance flows from the same source as our election: the grace of God. That this warning was apt can be seen by the history of the Gentiles from that time onward. What God had so miraculously worked among them was largely abandoned not long after. Faith knows that election is irrevocable, that salvation is sure. But the flesh that remains even in the faithful must be subdued and humbled by the threat of being cut off from God. Again, we must recall that it is the Gentiles as a whole that are addressed, not the elect specifically. It is the pretenders in the flock that need to hear of the danger. Three classes of inclusion into the tree are extent: the inclusion of children of the faithful, the inclusion of those in whom the Gospel seed is deposited, but finds poor soil, and the true elect. The first class is cut off when and if they reject the covenant promises that are theirs by heritage. The second class is cut off when and if the seed within is dead. This danger exists in degree for all within the body. To the truly elect, it warns against indulging the flesh. To the rest, it is a warning of God's vengeance.
11:23-11:24
That God is able to reverse the apparent course of His people is evident from their history. Often they appeared utterly cast off from His kingdom only to be restored. In His severity, He has always held to His mercy, as well. How easy it would be for Him to simply restore the natural branches to the tree, much easier than this inclusion of the wild branches as He has chosen to do.
 
 
 

Matthew Henry (3/1/02, 3/6/02)

11:22
This is likely the only place in Scripture where God is described as being severe. That severity is reserved for those closest to Him, should they rebel. (Am 3:2 - From all who are on the earth, I have chosen you alone. Therefore, I will punish you for your sins.) The greatest wrath comes when patience has been abused. "Of all judgments, spiritual judgments are the sorest." Salvation continues to be ours, so long as we continue to depend upon His grace. In continual care to please God and fear of offending Him, we find our security. (Hos 3:5 - Afterward the sons of Israel will return to seek the LORD their God. They will come in trembling to the goodness of the LORD in the last days.)
11:23
They will be restored to the church, so as to receive life from the root of Christ. Conversion is God's work, and He is most able. However withered and dead the branch, God can join it back to the tree, and restore life to it. The only condition is faith. Unbelief must be taken away, and this God can do. Because of this, dry bones live.
11:24
They were once members of the visible church, and will be rejoined to it, and returned to all the privileges associated with that membership. Those who have experienced His grace firsthand have thus been given great cause to hope for others. In looking upon the Jews, we cannot help but note that the starting point from which God must work with them is much closer to the finish line than our own starting point was.
 
 

Adam Clarke (3/6/02)

11:22
Here is a stunning display of God's mercy: He has saved even me! Even God's severity is an exercise of His goodness and holiness, for true goodness cannot tolerate the corrupting influence of unbelief. The word for engrafting speaks of a puncturing and insertion, a method used in Roman agriculture. The normal course of grafting adds healthy branches to a fruitless stock, but God has done the opposite in our case, which shows just how great is the goodness of the root. The wild olive is fruitless, but when grafted to a cultivated tree, will bear nicely. It was necessary that some branches be removed to make room for these new additions. The tree has been cut, but not cut down, not utterly destroyed. The Jewish fall is not irrecoverable. The inserting of the Gentiles into the true religion has allowed them to partake of the benefits of the Abrahamic covenant, and to be born by the God of Abraham. True religion upholds them, and not they, the true religion. If this is the source of our blessing, we ought to be most tolerant of those through whom the blessing has come. We ought also to realize that inasmuch as we are grafted into that people, our own continuance depends upon theirs. The restoration of the Jews follows as a necessary conclusion to the work God has been doing. The Gentiles are here warned not to act so as to make the Jewish return come at their own expense, not to repeat the error that had brought themselves in.
11:23
They were rejected for their obstinacy, but the door of return remains open to them. That they needn't continue in their unbelief declares that God has provided the faith necessary to turn their hearts back towards Him. They may believe Jesus whenever they will. The veil that remains on their heart is not there by God's doing, but their own, and when they are ready, the veil will be removed. (2Co 3:6-18 - He made us an adequate servant of the covenant of the Spirit, for the letter kills but the Spirit gives life. If the former ministry, which led only to death, was yet so glorious that men could not look Moses in the face even as that glory faded, how much more glorious the Spirit's ministry? If ministering condemnation held such glory, more still of that glory will be found in ministering righteousness. This glory will so surpass the former as to make it seem to hold no glory at all. If the fading is glorious, much more that which never fades. Thus, we do not veil ourselves as Moses did, but speak with great boldness. Indeed, Israel couldn't look him in the face for their minds were hardened, and it continues thus to this day. Even now, when Scripture is read, their hearts are hid behind a veil, but that veil is taken away when a man will turn to Christ. For the Lord is Spirit, and where His Spirit is, is liberty. And we who are in Christ stand unveiled, looking as if in a mirror upon the glory of the Lord, and being even now transformed into that same image. From glory to glory, from the Lord, the Spirit to us.)
11:24
The wild olive was proverbial in its unfruitfulness, the very standard of fruitlessness. To this we are reasonably compared, as those who were permitted to remain in such a state. Against our natural path, we were then grafted into the Truth, the fruitless added to the fruitful, a rare thing to do. If the grafting of such sinful stock to a holy trunk were able to sanctify the new stock, much moreso will that trunk revive its own, if the branch be rejoined. If the Gentile atheist can be shown the way to God, how much moreso those who already acknowledge the One, true God, who are steeped in His law, and taught by His prophets? (Eph 2:12 - Remember that you were once separated from Christ, excluded from Israel, and strangers to the covenant, having no hope, and knowing no God in this world.)
 
 
 

Barnes' Notes (3/6/02)

11:22
For our own good, it behooves us to learn of God's past dispensations, and so learn to be steadfast in faith. The mercy He has shown us demands thanksgiving. It ought to draw from us great diligence to ensure that His mercy continue toward us. Severity has connotations of cruelty to us, but that is not the message here. Here, the word speaks only of the act of cutting off. It is the idea of pruning off a dead and useless branch, no more cruel or unjust on God's part than on our own. Those in unbelief were thus cut off. For us, though, a benevolent kindness was shown in allowing us to be joined to the tree of faith. We do not earn God's favor either by our faith or by our good behavior. However, obedience to Him is a condition of His continued favor upon us. Where we determine to walk in disobedience, which is akin to unbelief, we too, can expect to be pruned away. (Jn 15:2 - Any branch of Mine which is fruitless, He removes. Every fruitful branch, He prunes so as to make it more fruitful.) Favor depends upon fidelity. On this ground, God removed the churches of Corinth, Antioch, and Philippi (see Rev 1-3).
11:23
Since unbelief was the sole cause of their removal, the removal of unbelief will suffice to restore them to favor. His power is sufficient to restore them, and in no way has He bound Himself so as to reject them utterly. The book is not closed on the Jews. (Ro 11:1-2 - God has not rejected His people completely, for I am an Israelite myself, a child of Abraham from the tribe of Benjamin. He has not rejected those He foreknew. Remember what Scripture records of Elijah, when he plead against Israel.)
11:24
If you could be brought to God from a position of such hostility, He can assuredly restore His obstinate children. In our case, He had to overcome our every natural tendency and thought. We had no inclination toward God, yet He is able. It is a much easier thing for Him, when those He seeks have known Him and been taught of Him. They know that there is only one God, they understand the authority of revelation, they have learned the Scriptures, and they await the Messiah. They are, all in all, in a much better position to be restored to the will of God.
 
 
 

Wycliffe (3/7/02)

11:22
The warning of this verse is addressed to the individual Gentile. Every 'you' in the verse is singular. God's goodness will continue to be shown to those who persevere in the goodness He has already shown. Whether or not the individual will continue is left ambiguous to make the warning more effective. (Jn 15:2a - Every branch in me that is fruitless, He removes. Jn 15:6a - Anyone who does not abide in Me is thrown away as a branch, and withers. Ro 8:28-30 - We know that God works all things for the good of those who love God, called according to His purpose, foreknown and predestined by Him to be conformed to the image of the Son. Whom He predestined, He called, justified, and glorified.) God's purpose begins in foreknowledge and foreordination and ends in their glorification. (Eph 1:4 - He chose us before the foundation of the world, to be holy and blameless before Him.) Clearly, God has acted in us, but we must also clearly act in continuing and bearing fruit. To minimize either message - God's actions or our own - is to leave behind the teaching of the New Testament. Not that we fully grasp the interrelationship of these actions, but what is revealed, we must teach. (Eph 2:7 - In the ages to come, He will display the great riches of His grace toward us in Christ Jesus.)
11:23-11:24
God is able. He is powerful and strong, fully capable of rejoining Israel to the Church if they set aside their unbelief. He has already done the greater miracle by joining us to His Church. In comparison to that, the rejoining of Israel is a simple thing for Him.
 
 
 

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown (3/7/02)

11:22
It is God's sovereign goodness that is shown, His kindness in admitting us strangers into covenant relationship with Him. Our part is to continue in believing dependence on His goodness. Failing in that, we too will be cut off.
11:23
Any who has attempted knows the difficulty of converting the Jews. It will indeed be a powerful move of God that accomplishes this. Yet, attempts to make this speak of individual Jews rather than the nation miss some important facts. First it must be recognized that throughout Church history, individual Jews have been converted, and joined to the faith. The door has never been closed to them. Ever there has been a remnant. Secondly, how then could Paul be looking forward to an event already accomplished?
11:24
Just as the more natural order would be that we, the grafted branch, would be removed, it is the more natural order that they, they natural branch, would be restored. God has already done the more surprising act in both cases, leaving the more natural action all the more likely.
 
 
 

New Thoughts (3/8/02-3/10/02)

For whatever reason, the words of 2Co 13:10 have really struck me. (2Co 13:10 - I write these concerns while absent so that I need not be severe when with you. What I say is in accord with the authority the Lord has given me. It is to build you up, and not to tear you down.) What a word for the teachers and pastors among us! What a reminder of purpose! At the same time, it speaks to me as a parent. I cannot refuse to discipline, but when I do, it should be done to build up, not to tear down. I know that for me it's all too easy to slip into sarcasm and acerbic wit in such situations, but that cannot build up. Here is a reminder not to slip.

I find also in that verse a safeguard for those of us that sit under a teaching. What is the attitude displayed by the teacher? What is he doing? It's not a question of whether his words sting, for stinging words may be necessary to turn us around. But what is the impact? That which comes of the authority of God is aimed to build us up. It is aimed to do more than drive us to despair. It seeks to lead us to repentance, to turn us around and get us back on the right road. Where the message brings the hurt without the healing, be careful.

Here, Paul is delivering such a message as might seem to tear down, to bring only hopelessness. He has spoken long on the fallen nature of man, on the rejection of the Jewish nation. Now, he brings the antidote. He tells the Jews that for them to return their unbelief must be eliminated. This may remain impossible on the surface, but God can do it where we cannot. We, the Gentiles are a visible sign of this hope for the Jews. We had absolutely no inclination toward God, yet He was able to bring believing faith into us. He is able also to bring life to the dry bones of Israel, to shake them free of the dust of unbelief and restore them.

What a wonder, to be found in God's kingdom! What a difference from who I was to who I am. It is good for us all, I think, to remember what we once were. It keeps us humble. (Eph 2:12 - Remember that you were once separated from Christ, excluded from Israel, and strangers to the covenant, having no hope, and knowing no God in this world.) There was indeed a time when I knew no God, when what little I knew of Christianity only kept me away from it. How am I to explain the change? It is not as though I simply determined one day that I would become one of these people I had no use for. No, He chose. He made the change in me, opening my eyes to recognize what I should have seen all along; that His hand shaped the world, His hand shaped me, His hand had kept me safe through events that should have been my end. From all on earth, as Amos 3:2 says, He chose me. It is for that reason that He punishes my sins.

Does that seem cruel, or odd? It shouldn't. As a parent, who am I more likely to punish, my own child, or the child of a stranger? I would expect my answer is not different from that of most. My own child will be the most likely to know my discipline. Why? For the very reason that I love her more. I care more for her, and am more responsible for her. This is the same view God has towards us. He is our Father, and He cares very deeply for our welfare. When He sees us walking in harmful paths, He cannot be silent, but must come to our aid. We don't want it. We want to walk away and do our own thing, but His love cannot abide that we destroy ourselves, so He does what He must.

There is also that matter of justice. God cannot allow sin to go unpunished, especially in those He claims as His own. Eph 1:4 gives us an idea as to the purpose of His choosing. He chose us to be holy. Holiness and sin are incapable of co-existence. Where holiness is, sin must depart. This was the goal of the Law, but that goal was an impossibility for our flesh. God has made the way. In His mercy, He has provided the means of our holiness, but the means remains with Him. In faith, we partake of the means of holiness. In His gracious favor, He declares those in faith to be holy in His sight.

Listen, our salvation does not depend on our works. We can no more save ourselves now, than any man ever could before. It is beyond us. Yet, our works are required. He has given us the faith to call on Him. I know this. I have felt that change that came in spite of myself. I have discovered belief suddenly welling up in my heart, when I still felt no particular reason to believe. I have seen in myself the undeniable power of God to change. I know exactly how much of it was my own doing. None of it. Yet, if I refuse to continue in that belief, if I deny His hand in what I have become, how can I expect that He should continue to do what he has done thus far?

We indeed have a part in the work of God that is our life. Our part is to continue in believing dependence on Him. Our part is to remember always that the tree supports the branches. In Him we live, and move, and have our being. It is impossible to overemphasize these facts. It is in His hands whether we see the end of this day, whether we are here to share lunch with our family. It is His grace and His grace alone that carries us through each successive moment. It is His grace alone that I am able to type out these thoughts this morning, that I will, if it be His will, provide worship before Him at men's breakfast in an hour or so. It is by His will that I recognize my need for Him.

Two seemingly contradictory messages are given to us here. On the one hand, we can be totally assured of the covenant promises. We can know the certainty of salvation. On the other hand, we are shown the danger of pride most clearly. Pride is, at essence, a failure to depend on God, a return to works as the basis of salvation rather than the reaction to salvation. The covenant did not fail in Israel's case, it will not fail in ours. Where there was the appearance of failure in their case was in fact a failed understanding of the covenant terms. Israel thought to save itself by works, but God was looking for faith. Israel came to pride itself on its ability to conform to the Law, rather than taking pride in the God who wrote the Law.

The danger remains for us. If the claim we lay to salvation is not made on the true basis of faith in Christ, if it's been no more than an exercise in repeating words, then we remain at peril. If we think that having been saved, we can now sit back and relax, that we can now do as we will without risk, then we have not known salvation. Effort is involved. We simply have to recognize that our efforts will not save us, but stand rather as proof of salvation already accomplished. Our efforts cannot help but flow from a true salvation. These twin messages - of our absolute dependence upon God's actions for our well-being, and the absolute necessity of our own actions following upon His work of salvation - need to be taught together. The combined message is the whole counsel of Scripture, not the one half or the other.

But, a word of encouragement to any reader who might recognize their own danger in this study. To anybody who thought themselves saved by a half-hearted prayer, the door of return to God remains open. To anybody who thought themselves good enough, who thought their actions in this life would show them to be deserving of eternal life, the door of return to God remains open. To any who have been attempting to walk with God, but on their own terms, the door of return to Him remains open. There is time yet to walk back through that door and seek Him as He is, and as He has required. He has declared the way of return. He has declared that there is only one way that will be acceptable to Him. Time remains to follow His way, and know the security of salvation, but none knows how much time. Come, repent and be healed. The risk is too great for you to continue hoping only in yourself, trusting only in yourself. That hope and trust will betray you at the critical moment. Put your trust in the Rock. Anchor your hope at the throne of Christ, where nothing can sever the line.